1.
1.1. Mulu wolipirira ndi chipangizo chowonjezera cha mphamvu zamagetsi zatsopano
Ulupi wolipirira ndi chipangizo cha magalimoto atsopano kuti athetse mphamvu yamagetsi. Ndikupita ku Magetsi atsopano omwe masitolo amagetsi ndi magetsi amafuta. Malo osakira ndi kugwiritsira ntchito miyala yolipiritsa amakhala osinthika kuposa malo opangira mafuta, ndipo mitundu yake ndi yolemera. Malinga ndi mawonekedwe okhazikitsa, imatha kugawidwa m'minda yokhazikika ya khoma, kupukutira mulu wa miyala, miyeso ya mafoni, ndi zina zotere, zomwe ndizoyenera mafomu osiyanasiyana;
Malinga ndi gulu la malo ogwiritsira ntchito, imatha kugawidwa mulu wa anthu, mimbulu yapadera, ndi zikuluzikulu za anthu ambiri zimapangitsa kuti kampani ikhale yopanga miyala ya anthu. Malo opaka magalimoto, osatsegulira anthu;
Malinga ndi gulu la liwiro loyendetsa (cholipiritsa), itha kugawidwa ndikungopereka miyala yofulumira komanso miyala yochepa; Malinga ndi gulu la magwiridwe antchito, imatha kugawidwa mu milu ya DC ndi milu yopanga milu. Nthawi zambiri pamakula, ma dileni a DC ali ndi mphamvu zambiri komanso kuthamanga kwapamwamba, pomwe kupangira mimbulu kumalipira.
Ku United States, mikangano yolipirira nthawi zambiri imagawika m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana malinga ndi mphamvu, yomwe mulingo 1 ndiLevel 2Nthawi zambiri mumakhala miyala ya ma AC, yomwe ndi yoyenera pafupifupi magalimoto onse atsopano, pomwe kulimiritsa magalimoto ambiri, ndipo mitundu yosiyanasiyana imachokera pamiyezo yosiyanasiyana monga J1772, Chademo, Tesla, etc.
Pakadali pano, palibe mawonekedwe ogwirizana kwathunthu padziko lapansi. Miyezo yayikulu imaphatikizapo GB / T, Chaomda's Cameda, Iec 62196, United States 'Sae J1772, ndipo Iec 62196.
1.2. Kukula kwa magalimoto atsopano ndi thandizo la mfundo zomwe zimayendetsa chitukuko chowongolera miyala mdziko langa
Kampani yatsopano ya zamagetsi yatsopano ikukula mwachangu. Magalimoto anga atsopanowa akupitilizabe, makamaka kuyambira 2020, kulowerera kwa magalimoto atsopano amagetsi kukukwera mwachangu, ndipo pofika 2022 kuchuluka kwa magalimoto atsopano omwe aposa 25%. Chiwerengero cha magalimoto atsopano amphamvu chidzapitilirabe. Malinga ndi ziwerengero za utumiki wa anthu otetezeka, gawo la magetsi atsopano ku kuchuluka kwa magalimoto mu 2022 ifika 4.1%.
Boma lapereka mfundo zingapo kuti zithandizire kukulitsa mabizinesi a Pile. Zogulitsa ndi umwini wa magetsi atsopano m'dziko langa zikukulirakulira, ndipo zikufanana, zomwe zimafunikira malo osungira zikupitilirabe kukulitsa. Pankhani imeneyi, madipatimenti a boma komanso ovomerezeka akhazikitsa njira zingapo kulimbikitsa kukula kwa mabizinesi a Pile, kuphatikizapo thandizo ndi chitsogozo, ndalama zothandizira ndalama, komanso zolinga zomanga.
Ndi kukula kosalekeza kwa magalimoto atsopano ndi mfundo zokongoletsera, kuchuluka kwa mikangano kudziko langa kumapitilira kukula. Pofika pa Epulo 2023, kuchuluka kwa mipata m'dziko langa ndi 6.092 miliyoni. Pakati pawo, kuchuluka kwa mipanda yolipiritsa kwa chaka cha anthu 52% mpaka zaka za 2.025 miliyoni, miliyoni ya DC imawerengera 42% ndipoMinda ya ACadawerengera 58%. Popeza mikangano yachinsinsi nthawi zambiri imasonkhana ndi magalimoto, kukula kwake. Kuthamanga, ndi chaka chimodzi-pachaka cha 104% mpaka 4.067 miliyoni.
Chiwopsezo cha magalimoto mdziko muno ndi 2.5: 1, pomwe chiwerengero cha magalimoto pagalimoto ndi 7.3: 1. Chiwerengero cha magalimoto ndi mulu wagalimoto, ndiye kuti, kuchuluka kwa magalimoto atsopano azachuma kuti mulipire milu. Malinga ndi kufufuza, kumapeto kwa 2022, kuchuluka kwa magalimoto kumayiko mdziko langa. Pakati pawo, chiwerengero cha magalimoto apagulu ku milu ndi 7.3: 1, chomwe chakwera pang'onopang'ono kuyambira 2020. Cholinga chake ndikuti kugulitsa magalimoto atsopano amphamvu zakukula mwachangu ndipo kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe amalipira. Chiwerengero cha magalimoto achinsinsi ku milu ndi 3.8: 1, kutsika pang'ono. Izi zimachitika makamaka chifukwa cha kukwezedwa kothandiza kwa mfundo zadziko lapansi kulimbikitsa kapangidwe kawomba ka anthu okhala.
Pankhani ya kuwonongeka kwa milu ya anthu, kuchuluka kwa milu ya anthu a DC: Chiwerengero cha Makunja a AC Pamagulu a DC ali ndi zaka 17.2: 1, lomwe ndipamwamba kuposa kuchuluka kwa ziyeso za AC pagulu la 12.2: 1.
Chigawo chowonjezera chagalimoto chowonjezera chikuwonetsa kusintha pang'onopang'ono. Kuchokera pamalingaliro owonjezera, popeza milu yatsopano ya mwezi uliwonse, makamaka yolumikizira minda yatsopano, sizosintha zambiri zamagetsi, zimakhala ndi kusinthasintha kwakukulu ndikumasinthiratu muyezo wagalimoto yatsopano. Chifukwa chake, quarterly moyenerera amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa mulu wagalimoto, ndiye kuti, kuchuluka kwa magalimoto atsopano omwe adawonjezera atsopano: Chiwerengero cha magalimoto omwe adawonjezera kumene. Mu 2023q1, gawo lomwe lawonjezera lagalimoto lomwe lili ndi bomba ndi 2.5: 1, kuwonetsa pang'onopang'ono. Pakati pawo, gawo lagalimoto yatsopano yagalimoto ndi 9.8: 1, ndipo gawo lagalimoto lomwe limawonjezeredwa ndi pilu ndi 3.4: 1, lomwe limasinthanso kwakukulu. chizolowezi.
1.3. Ntchito yomanga nyumba yakunja siali wangwiro, ndipo kuthekera kwake ndikofanana
1.3.1. Europe: Kukula kwa mphamvu zatsopano ndi kosiyana, koma pali mipata yolipirira
Magalimoto atsopano amphamvu ku Europe akupanga mwachangu komanso kukhala ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba kwambiri. Europe ndi amodzi mwa zigawo zomwe zimagwirizanitsa chofunikira kwambiri kuteteza zachilengedwe padziko lapansi. Kuyendetsedwa ndi mfundo ndi malangizo, mafakitale am'madzi a ku Europe aku Europe akukula mwachangu komanso kuchuluka kwa malowedwe atsopano ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zatsopano. Inafika 21.2%.
Chiwerengero cha magalimoto ku Europe ndi chachikulu, ndipo pali kusiyana kwakukulu m'malo osungira. Malinga ndi ziwerengero za IEA, chiwerengero cha milu yamagalimoto ku Europe chikhala pafupifupi 14.4: 1 mu 2022, zomwe mulu wa anthu wamba umangowerengera 13%. Ngakhale msika wamagetsi wa ku Europe watsopano ukukula mwachangu, kupanga malo ogwiritsira ntchito mafakitale kumachitika mkati mwake, ndipo pamakhala zovuta zam'mbuyo, ndipo pamakhala zovuta monga malo ochepa osakira komanso kuthamanga kwapang'onopang'ono.
Kukula kwa Mphamvu Zatsopano Kupitilira m'maiko a ku Europe, komanso kuchuluka kwa magalimoto aboma ku milu ndi kosiyananso. Pankhani yagawanidwe, Norway ndi Sweden ali ndi mphamvu zapamwamba kwambiri, kufikira 73.5% ndi 49.1% motsatana mwa 2022, ndi kuchuluka kwa magalimoto aboma ndikokwera kwambiri kuposa a avereji aku Europe, akufika pa 32.8.
Germany, United Kingdom, ndi France ndiye mayiko akulu kwambiri ogulitsa magalimoto ku Europe, ndipo kulowerera kwamphamvu kwatsopano kulinso kwambiri. In 2022, the new energy penetration rates in Germany, the United Kingdom, and France will reach 28.2%, 20.3%, and 17.3%, respectively, and the public vehicle-pile ratios will be 24.5:1, 18.8:1, and 11.8:1, respectively.
Potengera mfundo, European Union ndi Europe Ambiri aku Europe akuyambitsanso njira zothandizira kapena njira zothandizira zokhudzana ndi ntchito yomanga malo opangira malo opangira malo.
1.3.2. United States: Malo osungirako osungirako amafunika kukhazikitsidwa mwachangu, ndipo boma ndi mabizinesi amagwira ntchito limodzi
Monga mthina wa misika yayikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, United States yayamba kuyenda pang'onopang'ono m'munda wamphamvu kuposa China ndi Europe. Mu 2022, kugulitsa magalimoto atsopano ndi magetsi kudzapitilira 1 miliyoni, ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu pafupifupi 7.0%.
Nthawi yomweyo, kukula kwa msika wa ululu ku United States kulinso pang'onopang'ono, ndipo malo olipiritsa a anthu siakwanira. Mu 2022, chiwerengero cha magalimoto pagulu ku United States ndi 23.1: 1, pomwe mulu wa anthu wamba udzayankhule 21.9%.
United States ndi mayiko ena afunsiranso zolimbikitsa za malo ogulitsa, kuphatikizapo polojekiti ya US ku US kuti amange miyeso 500,000 yomwe ili pafupi ndi US $ 7.5 biliyoni. Zomwe zilipo pamsonkhano wa Nevi ndi $ 615 miliyoni mu Fy 2022 ndi $ 885 miliyoni mu Fy 2023. Ndikofunikira kwambiri.
Kuphatikiza pa zolimbikitsa za mfundo, kulipira makampani a pile ndi makampani agalimoto nawonso amalimbikitsa kumanga kwa malo ogulitsa, kuphatikizapo makampani a Tesla ndi makampani ena agalimoto amagwira ntchito potumiza ndikumanga milu.
Ambiri amangokhalira makampani ogwirizana padziko lonse lapansi akugwiritsikanso ntchito ku United States kuti akakhazikitse miyala yatsopano, malo kapena mizere yopanga kuti ipereke ndalama ku United States.
2. Pakukula kwa mafakitale, msika wakunja kwa bomba ndi wosinthika kwambiri
2.1. Cholepheretsa kupangira mabodza mu gawo la phondali, ndipo cholepheretsa kupita kutsidya lina
2.1.1. Pitani ili imakhala ndi zotchinga zotsika, ndipo pakati pa mulu wa DC ndi gawo lolipirira
Zotchinga zopanga za mipata ya AC ndizotsika, komanso gawo lolipiriraDC Kulipira Milundiye gawo la maziko. Kuchokera panjira yogwira ntchito ndi kapangidwe kake, kutembenuka kwa AC / DC kwa Magetsi atsopano kumadziwika ndi karsing ya ma boti mkati mwagalimoto mkati mwa ma ic pamtengo wa AC ndi kosavuta ndipo mtengo wake ndi wotsika. Mu DC Kukhazikitsa, njira yosinthira kuchokera ku AC kupita ku DC imayenera kutsiriza mkati mwa mulu wa muluwo, choncho ziyenera kudziwitsidwa ndi gawo lomwe lapula. Mbalame zolipiritsa zimakhudza kukhazikika kwa madera, magwiridwe antchito ndi chitetezo cha mulu wonse. Ndi gawo la core ya DC yolipirira mulu wambiri ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zili ndi zotchinga zapamwamba kwambiri. Kulipiritsa modukiza kumaphatikizapo Huawei, mphamvu yazomwe, sinexcel, etc.
2.1.2. Kupita Kumalo Oyang'anira Kunja ndi njira yofunikira bizinesi yanjala
Zolepheretsa zotsimikizika zilinso m'misika yakunja. China, Europe, ndipo United States yapereka miyezo yotsimikizika yovomerezeka kuti mulipire milu, ndipo chitsimikizo chodutsa ndi chofunikira kwambiri cholowa pamsika. Miyezo yotsimikizika ya China imaphatikizapo CQC, etc., koma palibe wotsimikizira munthawi yake. Miyezo yotsimikizika ku United States imaphatikizapo Ul, FCC, mphamvu ya mphamvu, etc. Maiko ena ku European, ndipo mayiko ena aku Europe adapanganso mfundo zawo zovomerezeka. Pazonse, kuvuta kwa miyezo yotsimikizira ndi United States> Europe> China.
2.2. Pakhomo: Kukhazikika kwakukulu kwa opaleshoni ya opaleshoni, mpikisano wowopsa mu ulalo wonse wa mulu, komanso kukula kosalekeza kwa malo
Kukhazikika kwa ogwiritsira ntchito panja kuli okwera, ndipo pali opikisana nawo ambiri cholumikizira mulu wonse, ndipo makondowo amabalalika. Kuchokera pakuwongolera kwa ogwiritsa ntchito magile, akaunti yolipirira pafupifupi 40% ya pamsika wa makamu, ndipo msika wamsika uli wokwera pamsika wa PR5 = 80.9%, Msika woyankhulirana pagulu cr5 = 65%. Kuyang'ana pamsika wonse mpaka pamwamba, ogwiritsa ntchito osiyanasiyana apanganso mitundu yosiyanasiyana, kutsika kwambiri kwa mafakitale, etc. Pali opanga milu yonse ku China. Kupatula mitundu yolumikiza monga telefoni ndi kulipirira nyenyezi, kapangidwe kake kamphamvu kaziwiridwa.
Chiwerengero cha mikangano ya anthu mdziko langa chikuyembekezeka kufikira 7.6 miliyoni pofika 2030. Kuganizira za miliyoni, madera ena a anthu, ndi 2022-2025e ndi 2025e ndi 35.7% ndi 11.6% motsatana. Nthawi yomweyo, kuchuluka kwa kupatsa kwamphamvu pagulu m'malilu awo kumawonjezeka pang'ono pang'onopang'ono. Akuyerekeza kuti pofika 2030, 47.4% ya mipanda yolipirira idzakhala yolipirira zikuluzikulu, kupititsa patsogolo luso la ogwiritsa ntchito.
2.3. Europe: Ntchito yomanga mipanda ikuthamangitsa, ndipo kuchuluka kwa milu yachangu kukukula
Kutenga UK monga chitsanzo, kuthirira msika kwa ogwiritsa ntchito panja ndikotsika kuposa china. Monga imodzi mwazigawo zazikulu zamphamvu ku Europe, kuchuluka kwa mipata ya anthu ku UK kudzawerengera 9.9% mu 2022. Kuchokera pamsika wa Britain Kulipira Milu, kutsata pamsika wa ku China. Pakulipiritsa pamsika wa makamu, ma pobicority, pod positi, bp punse, etc. ali ndi gawo lokwera pamsika, CR5 = 45.3%. Pakulipiritsa mwamphamvu zaukali ndi mulu wa ultra pakati pawo, Instavolt, bp punch, ndi tesla-concorms (kuphatikizapo CR5 = 52.7%. Pa mbali yopanga milu, osewera akulu amsika amaphatikizapo Abb, ku Schiemens ndi zimphona zina za mafakitale m'munda zamagetsi, komanso makampani omwe amazindikira kuti makampani a Pile adapeza. Mwachitsanzo, BP idapeza imodzi mwamakampani azamagetsi akuluakulu ku UK mu 2018. 1. 1. 1.
Mu 2030, kuchuluka kwa mipanda yolipiritsa ku Europe kukuyembekezeka kufikira 2.38 miliyoni, komanso kuchuluka kwa michere yotsatsira kwambiri kudzapitilira kukula. Malinga ndi kuyerekezera kwa 2025 ndi 2030, kuchuluka kwa miliyoni ku Europe kudzafika pa 1,3 miliyoni motsatana, ndi 2022E ndi 2030% ndi 14.7% motsatana. adzalamulira, koma kuchuluka kwa milu yachangu kwambiri kukukulirakulira. Akuyerekeza kuti pofika 20300, 20.2% ya milu yolipirira anthu idzakhala yolipirira milu.
2.4. United States: Malo amsika amakhala osinthika, ndipo mtundu wakomweko ukulamulira
Kulipiritsa kwa Network Network ku United States ndikokwera kuposa momwe ku China ndi ku Europe, ndi magulu am'deralo amalamulidwa. Kuchokera pakuwona kwa mawebusayiti omwe amalipiritsa, zolipiritsa zimasunga malo otsogola ndi 54.9%, kutsatiridwa ndi tesla ndi ma pclate ndi mafilimu a ku America. Kuchokera pakuwona kuchuluka kwa madoko a EVSE, zomwe zikulipidwa ndizokwerabe kuposa makampani ena, kumawerengera 39.3%, kuwerengera 2,2% (kuphatikizapo makampani aku America).
Mu 2030, kuchuluka kwa minda ya anthu ku United States ikuyembekezeka kufikira mamiliyoni 1.38 miliyoni, komanso kuchuluka kwa michere mwachangu. Malinga ndi kuyerekezera kwa 2025 ndi 2030, kuchuluka kwa misampha yaboma ku United States kudzafika 550,000 ndi 2022-2025 ndi 20,6%, motsatana. Zofanana ndi zomwe zikuchitika ku Europe, kupukutira mulu wosachedwabe kukhalabe ambiri, koma kuchuluka kwa milu yachangu ipitiliza kusintha. Akuti ndi 20300, 27,5% ya mipanda yolipiritsa idzakhala yolipirira.
2.5. Msika Wowerengera
Kutengera ndi kusanthula kwapakatikati pa mabizinesi a anthu ku China, Europe, ndi United States, zimaganiziridwa kuti kuchuluka kwa mipanda yatsopano kumawonjezeredwa kwa chaka chilichonse. Pankhani ya Mtengo Wogulitsa, Minda yapanyumba pang'onopang'ono imamera pa 2,000-4,000 Yuan / Seti, ndi mitengo yakunja ndi 300-600 madola / 2,300 yuan / set). Mtengo wa milu ya nyumba 120kW yolipirira ndalama zomwe zilipo ndi 50,000,000,000 / Seti, pomwe mtengo wa minda wachilendo umatha kufikira madola 30,000-150,000 / Seti, ndi mtengo wa madola 50,000,000 / Set. Akuyerekeza kuti pofika 2025, malo onse amisika ya anthu ku China, Europe, ndi United States ifika 71.06 biliyoni Yuan.
3. Kusanthula makampani ofunikira
Makampani akunja mu malonda akampani ya Pile Purces Pafupifupi, Thp, BP KAPEN, Makampani, SENC.Kufupifupi, Tbolaod, Gresgyng, etc. Mwa iwo, makampani apanyumba a Pile athandizanso kupita kutsidya lina. Mwachitsanzo, zinthu zina zaku China zapeza Ul, CSA, Energy Star Certification ku United States ndi CE, Ukca, Chitsimikizo Pakati Pakati Pazigawo Za European Union. Ku China kunalowa mndandanda wa BP wapukutira ma pile ndi opanga.
Post Nthawi: Jul-10-2023