1. Ma charger piles ndi zida zowonjezera mphamvu zamagalimoto atsopano amagetsi, ndipo pali kusiyana kwa kapangidwe kake m'dziko ndi kunja.
1.1. Mulu wochapira ndi chipangizo chowonjezera mphamvu zamagalimoto atsopano amagetsi
Mulu wochapira ndi chipangizo cha magalimoto atsopano opatsa mphamvu kuti awonjezere mphamvu zamagetsi. Ndi momwe malo opangira mafuta amakhalira pa magalimoto atsopano. Kapangidwe ndi momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito milu yochapira ndi yosinthasintha kuposa malo opangira mafuta, ndipo mitundu yake ndi yolemera. Malinga ndi fomu yokhazikitsira, imatha kugawidwa m'milu yochapira yokhazikika pakhoma, milu yochapira yoyima, milu yochapira yoyenda, ndi zina zotero, zomwe ndizoyenera mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya malo;
Malinga ndi momwe zinthu zimagwiritsidwira ntchito, zitha kugawidwa m'magulu ochapira anthu onse, milu yapadera yochapira, milu yachinsinsi yochapira, ndi zina zotero. Milu yachinsinsi yochapira anthu onse imapereka ntchito zochapira anthu onse, ndipo milu yapadera yochapira nthawi zambiri imatumikira mkati mwa kampani yomanga milu, pomwe milu yachinsinsi yochapira imayikidwa m'milu yachinsinsi yochapira anthu onse. Malo oimika magalimoto, osatsegulidwa kwa anthu onse;
Malinga ndi gulu la liwiro la kuchaja (mphamvu yochaja), ikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu ochaja mwachangu ndi magulu ochaja pang'onopang'ono; malinga ndi gulu la ukadaulo wa kuchaja, ikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu ochaja a DC ndi magulu ochaja a AC. Kawirikawiri, magulu ochaja a DC ali ndi mphamvu yochaja yapamwamba komanso liwiro lochaja mwachangu, pomwe magulu ochaja a AC amachaja pang'onopang'ono.
Ku United States, ma charger pile nthawi zambiri amagawidwa m'magawo osiyanasiyana malinga ndi mphamvu, pakati pawo ndi Level 1 ndiGawo 2Kawirikawiri ndi ma AC charging piles, omwe ndi oyenera pafupifupi magalimoto onse atsopano amagetsi, pomwe ma tributary fast charging si oyenera magalimoto onse atsopano amagetsi, ndipo mitundu yosiyanasiyana imachokera kutengera miyezo yosiyanasiyana ya mawonekedwe monga J1772, CHAdeMO, Tesla, ndi zina zotero.
Pakadali pano, palibe muyezo wogwirizana kwathunthu padziko lonse lapansi. Miyezo yayikulu ya mawonekedwe ndi monga GB/T yaku China, CHAOmedo yaku Japan, IEC 62196 ya European Union, SAE J1772 yaku United States, ndi IEC 62196.
1.2. Kukula kwa magalimoto atsopano amagetsi ndi thandizo la mfundo zikuyendetsa chitukuko chokhazikika cha ma charger piles mdziko langa
Makampani opanga magalimoto atsopano amagetsi m'dziko langa akukula mofulumira. Magalimoto atsopano amagetsi m'dziko langa akupitilizabe kukula, makamaka kuyambira mu 2020, kuchuluka kwa magalimoto atsopano amagetsi kwawonjezeka mofulumira, ndipo pofika mu 2022 kuchuluka kwa magalimoto atsopano amagetsi kwapitirira 25%. Chiwerengero cha magalimoto atsopano amagetsi chidzapitiriranso kukwera. Malinga ndi ziwerengero za Unduna wa Zachitetezo cha Anthu, chiwerengero cha magalimoto atsopano amagetsi poyerekeza ndi chiwerengero chonse cha magalimoto mu 2022 chidzafika pa 4.1%.
Boma lapereka mfundo zingapo zothandizira chitukuko cha makampani ochapira milu. Kugulitsa ndi umwini wa magalimoto atsopano amagetsi m'dziko langa kukupitirira kukula, ndipo motero, kufunikira kwa malo ochapira kukupitirira kukula. Pachifukwa ichi, madipatimenti aboma ndi am'deralo oyenerera apereka mfundo zingapo zolimbikitsira kwambiri chitukuko cha makampani ochapira milu, kuphatikizapo chithandizo ndi chitsogozo cha ndondomeko, ndalama zothandizira, ndi zolinga zomanga.
Ndi kukula kosalekeza kwa magalimoto atsopano amphamvu ndi kulimbikitsa mfundo, chiwerengero cha ma charger mu dziko langa chikupitirira kukula. Pofika mu Epulo 2023, chiwerengero cha ma charger mu dziko langa ndi 6.092 miliyoni. Pakati pawo, chiwerengero cha ma charger mu boma chawonjezeka ndi 52% chaka ndi chaka kufika pa ma unit 2.025 miliyoni, omwe ma DC charger mu ma unit anali 42% ndipoMa AC charging pilesPopeza milu ya ma charging achinsinsi nthawi zambiri imasonkhanitsidwa ndi magalimoto, kukula kwa umwini kumakhala kwakukulu. Mwachangu, ndi kuwonjezeka kwa 104% chaka ndi chaka kufika pa mayunitsi 4.067 miliyoni.
Chiŵerengero cha magalimoto ndi milu m'dziko langa ndi 2.5:1, pomwe chiŵerengero cha magalimoto a anthu onse ndi milu ndi 7.3:1. Chiŵerengero cha magalimoto ndi milu, kutanthauza kuti, chiŵerengero cha magalimoto atsopano amphamvu ndi milu yochapira. Kuchokera pakuwona zinthu, pofika kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2022, chiŵerengero cha magalimoto ndi milu m'dziko langa chidzakhala 2.5:1, ndipo chizolowezi chonse chikuchepa pang'onopang'ono, kutanthauza kuti, malo ochapira magalimoto atsopano amphamvu akuchulukirachulukira. Pakati pawo, chiŵerengero cha magalimoto a anthu onse ndi milu ndi 7.3:1, chomwe chawonjezeka pang'onopang'ono kuyambira kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2020. Chifukwa chake ndikuti kugulitsa magalimoto atsopano amphamvu kwakula mofulumira ndipo kuchuluka kwa kukula kwadutsa kupita patsogolo kwa zomangamanga za milu yochapira anthu onse; chiŵerengero cha magalimoto achinsinsi ndi milu ndi 3.8:1, zomwe zikusonyeza kuchepa pang'onopang'ono. Izi zikuchitika makamaka chifukwa cha zinthu monga kulimbikitsa bwino mfundo zadziko kuti zilimbikitse kumanga milu yochapira anthu m'madera okhala anthu.
Ponena za kugawikana kwa milu ya AC yoyatsira magetsi pagulu, chiwerengero cha milu ya DC ya anthu onse: chiwerengero cha milu ya AC ya anthu onse ≈ 4:6, kotero chiŵerengero cha milu ya DC ya anthu onse ndi pafupifupi 17.2:1, chomwe ndi chapamwamba kuposa chiŵerengero cha milu ya AC ya anthu onse cha 12.6:1.
Chiŵerengero cha magalimoto ndi magalimoto chomwe chikukula pang'onopang'ono chikuwonetsa kusintha pang'onopang'ono konse. Kuchokera pamalingaliro owonjezereka, popeza milu yatsopano yochapira mwezi uliwonse, makamaka milu yatsopano yochapira anthu onse, sikugwirizana kwambiri ndi kugulitsa magalimoto atsopano amphamvu, imakhala ndi kusinthasintha kwakukulu ndipo imayambitsa kusinthasintha kwa chiŵerengero cha magalimoto atsopano pamwezi. Chifukwa chake, kotala lililonse Caliber imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwerengera chiŵerengero cha magalimoto ndi magalimoto, kutanthauza kuchuluka kwa malonda a magalimoto atsopano atsopano: chiwerengero cha milu yatsopano yochapira. Mu 2023Q1, chiŵerengero chatsopano cha magalimoto ndi magalimoto ndi 2.5:1, kusonyeza kutsika pang'onopang'ono konse. Pakati pawo, chiŵerengero chatsopano cha magalimoto ndi magalimoto ndi 9.8:1, ndipo chiŵerengero chatsopano cha magalimoto ndi magalimoto ndi 3.4:1, chomwe chikuwonetsanso kusintha kwakukulu.
1.3. Kumanga malo ochapira ndalama kunja kwa dziko sikwabwino kwenikweni, ndipo kuthekera kwa kukula n'kwakukulu
1.3.1. Europe: Kukula kwa mphamvu zatsopano n'kosiyana, koma pali mipata m'ma charger piles
Magalimoto atsopano amphamvu ku Europe akukula mofulumira ndipo ali ndi chiŵerengero chachikulu cha anthu olowa m'malo. Europe ndi imodzi mwa madera omwe amaika patsogolo kwambiri chitetezo cha chilengedwe padziko lonse lapansi. Motsogozedwa ndi mfundo ndi malamulo, makampani opanga magalimoto atsopano amphamvu ku Europe akukula mofulumira ndipo chiŵerengero cha anthu olowa m'malo atsopano ndi chachikulu. Afika pa 21.2%.
Chiŵerengero cha magalimoto ndi pile ku Europe n'chokwera kwambiri, ndipo pali kusiyana kwakukulu m'malo ochapira. Malinga ndi ziwerengero za IEA, chiŵerengero cha milu ya magalimoto a anthu onse ku Europe chidzakhala pafupifupi 14.4:1 mu 2022, pomwe milu ya anthu onse yochapira mwachangu idzakhala 13% yokha. Ngakhale kuti msika wa magalimoto atsopano amagetsi ku Europe ukukula mofulumira, kumanga malo ochapira ofanana ndi amenewa kuli kocheperako, ndipo pali mavuto monga malo ochepa ochapira komanso liwiro lochepa la kuchapira.
Kukula kwa mphamvu zatsopano sikufanana pakati pa mayiko aku Europe, ndipo chiŵerengero cha magalimoto a anthu onse ndi milu nachonso n'chosiyana. Ponena za kugawa, Norway ndi Sweden zili ndi chiŵerengero chachikulu cha mphamvu zatsopano, kufika pa 73.5% ndi 49.1% motsatana mu 2022, ndipo chiŵerengero cha magalimoto a anthu onse ndi milu m'maiko awiriwa ndi chapamwamba kuposa avareji ya ku Ulaya, kufika pa 32.8:1 ndi 25.0 motsatana: 1.
Germany, United Kingdom, ndi France ndi mayiko akuluakulu ogulitsa magalimoto ku Europe, ndipo kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zatsopano kumafikanso kwambiri. Mu 2022, kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zatsopano ku Germany, United Kingdom, ndi France kudzafika pa 28.2%, 20.3%, ndi 17.3%, motsatana, ndipo chiŵerengero cha magalimoto a anthu onse chidzakhala 24.5:1, 18.8:1, ndi 11.8:1, motsatana.
Ponena za mfundo, bungwe la European Union ndi mayiko ambiri aku Europe akhala akuyambitsa mfundo zolimbikitsa kapena mfundo zothandizira pakumanga malo ochapira kuti alimbikitse chitukuko cha malo ochapira.
1.3.2. United States: Malo ochapira ayenera kukonzedwa mwachangu, ndipo boma ndi makampani amagwira ntchito limodzi
Monga umodzi mwa misika yayikulu kwambiri yamagalimoto padziko lonse lapansi, United States yapita patsogolo pang'onopang'ono pankhani ya mphamvu zatsopano kuposa China ndi Europe. Mu 2022, kugulitsa magalimoto atsopano amagetsi kudzapitirira 1 miliyoni, ndi chiŵerengero cholowera cha pafupifupi 7.0%.
Nthawi yomweyo, chitukuko cha msika wochapira anthu onse ku United States chili pang'onopang'ono, ndipo malo ochapira anthu onse sanamalizidwe. Mu 2022, chiŵerengero cha magalimoto a anthu onse ndi magalimoto ang'onoang'ono ku United States chidzakhala 23.1:1, pomwe magalimoto ang'onoang'ono ochapira anthu onse adzakhala 21.9%.
Dziko la United States ndi mayiko ena aperekanso mfundo zolimbikitsira malo ochapira, kuphatikizapo pulojekiti ya boma la US yomanga milu 500,000 yokwana US$7.5 biliyoni. Ndalama zonse zomwe zikupezeka m'maboma omwe ali pansi pa pulogalamu ya NEVI ndi $615 miliyoni mu FY 2022 ndi $885 miliyoni mu FY 2023. Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti milu yochapira yomwe ikugwira ntchito mu pulojekiti ya boma la US iyenera kupangidwa ku United States (kuphatikizapo njira zopangira monga nyumba ndi kusonkhanitsa), ndipo pofika mu Julayi 2024, osachepera 55% ya ndalama zonse zogulira zinthu ziyenera kuchokera ku United States.
Kuwonjezera pa mfundo zolimbikitsa mfundo, makampani ochapira magalimoto ndi makampani oyendetsa magalimoto alimbikitsanso ntchito yomanga malo ochapira magalimoto, kuphatikizapo kutsegula kwa Tesla gawo la netiweki yochapira magalimoto, ndipo ChargePoint, BP ndi makampani ena oyendetsa magalimoto akugwirizana kuti atumize ndikumanga ma pile.
Makampani ambiri ochaja milu padziko lonse lapansi akuikanso ndalama ku United States kuti akhazikitse likulu latsopano, malo kapena mizere yopangira milu yochaja ku United States.
2. Ndi chitukuko chachangu cha makampani, msika wolipiritsa zinthu kunja kwa dziko lapansi umakhala wosinthasintha
2.1. Cholepheretsa kupanga chili mu gawo lochapira, ndipo cholepheretsa kupita kunja chili mu satifiketi yokhazikika
2.1.1. Mulu wa AC uli ndi zotchinga zochepa, ndipo pakati pa mulu wa DC ndi gawo lochajira
Zopinga zopangira ma AC charging piles ndizochepa, ndipo gawo la charging muMa DC charging pilesndiye gawo lofunika kwambiri. Kuchokera pa mfundo yogwirira ntchito ndi kapangidwe kake, kusintha kwa AC/DC kwa magalimoto atsopano amphamvu kumachitika ndi chojambulira chomwe chili mkati mwa galimotoyo panthawi ya AC charging, kotero kapangidwe ka mulu wa AC charging ndi kosavuta ndipo mtengo wake ndi wotsika. Pochaja DC, njira yosinthira kuchokera ku AC kupita ku DC iyenera kumalizidwa mkati mwa mulu wa charging, kotero iyenera kukwaniritsidwa ndi module ya charging. Module ya charging imakhudza kukhazikika kwa dera, magwiridwe antchito ndi chitetezo cha mulu wonse. Ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la mulu wa charging DC komanso chimodzi mwa zigawo zomwe zili ndi zopinga zapamwamba kwambiri zaukadaulo. Opereka ma module a charging akuphatikizapo Huawei, Infy power, Sinexcel, ndi zina zotero.
2.1.2. Kupambana satifiketi yovomerezeka yakunja ndi chinthu chofunikira pa bizinesi yakunja
Zopinga za satifiketi zilipo m'misika yakunja. China, Europe, ndi United States zapereka miyezo yoyenera ya satifiketi yolipiritsa ma pile, ndipo kupititsa satifiketi ndikofunikira kuti munthu alowe mumsika. Miyezo ya satifiketi ya China ikuphatikizapo CQC, ndi zina zotero, koma palibe muyezo wofunikira wa satifiketi pakadali pano. Miyezo ya satifiketi ku United States ikuphatikizapo UL, FCC, Energy Star, ndi zina zotero. Miyezo ya satifiketi ku European Union makamaka ndi satifiketi ya CE, ndipo mayiko ena aku Europe nawonso apereka miyezo yawoyawo ya satifiketi. Ponseponse, vuto la miyezo ya satifiketi ndi United States > Europe > China.
2.2. Zamkati: Kuchuluka kwa ntchito, mpikisano waukulu pa chigwirizano chonse cha mulu, ndi kukula kosalekeza kwa malo
Kuchuluka kwa ogwira ntchito zochapira m'nyumba kuli kokwera, ndipo pali ambiri omwe akupikisana nawo mu ulalo wonse wa pile, ndipo kapangidwe kake ndi kosiyanasiyana. Kuchokera pamalingaliro a ogwira ntchito zochapira m'mizere, Telefoni ndi Xingxing Charging zimakhala pafupifupi 40% ya msika wa pile wa anthu onse, ndipo kuchuluka kwa msika kuli kokwera, CR5=69.1%, CR10=86.9%, pomwe msika wa pile wa DC wa anthu onse CR5=80.7%, Msika wa pile wa kulankhulana kwa anthu onse CR5=65.8%. Poyang'ana msika wonse kuyambira pansi mpaka pamwamba, ogwira ntchito osiyanasiyana apanganso mitundu yosiyanasiyana, monga Telefoni, Xingxing Charging, ndi zina zotero, kuyika pamwamba ndi pansi pa unyolo wa mafakitale kuphatikiza njira yonse yopangira, ndipo palinso monga Xiaoju Charging, Cloud Quick Charging, ndi zina zotero zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito kuwala. Chitsanzo cha katundu chimapereka mayankho a siteshoni yachitatu ya wopanga kapena wogwiritsa ntchito mizere yonse. Pali opanga ambiri a mizere yonse ku China. Kupatula mitundu yolumikizira yoyima monga Telefoni ndi Star Charging, kapangidwe ka mizere yonse ndi kosiyanasiyana.
Chiwerengero cha ma charger a anthu onse m'dziko langa chikuyembekezeka kufika pa 7.6 miliyoni pofika chaka cha 2030. Poganizira za chitukuko cha makampani atsopano a magalimoto amphamvu m'dziko langa komanso mapulani a mfundo za dzikolo, zigawo ndi mizinda, akuti pofika chaka cha 2025 ndi 2030, chiwerengero cha ma charger a anthu onse ku China chidzafika pa 4.4 miliyoni ndi 7.6 miliyoni motsatana, ndipo 2022-2025E ndi 2025E CAGR ya -2030E ndi 35.7% ndi 11.6% motsatana. Nthawi yomweyo, chiwerengero cha ma charger a anthu onse m'ma charger a anthu onse chidzawonjezeka pang'onopang'ono. Akuti pofika chaka cha 2030, 47.4% ya ma charger a anthu onse adzakhala ma charger achangu, zomwe zikuwongolera kwambiri zomwe ogwiritsa ntchito amagwiritsa ntchito.
2.3. Europe: Ntchito yomanga milu yochapira ikuyenda mofulumira, ndipo chiwerengero cha milu yochapira mofulumira chikuwonjezeka
Mwachitsanzo, ku UK, kuchuluka kwa makampani omwe amachaja ma pile pamsika ndi kotsika kuposa ku China. Monga limodzi mwa mayiko akuluakulu atsopano amagetsi ku Europe, kuchuluka kwa ma pile ochaja anthu onse ku UK kudzafika pa 9.9% mu 2022. Kuchokera pamalingaliro a msika wa ma pile ochaja ku Britain, kuchuluka kwa msika wonse ndi kotsika kuposa kwa msika waku China. Mu msika wa ma pile ochaja anthu onse, ubitricity, Pod Point, bp pulse, ndi zina zotero zili ndi gawo lalikulu pamsika, CR5 = 45.3%. Ma pile ochaja anthu mwachangu komanso ma pile ochaja mwachangu kwambiri. Pakati pawo, InstaVolt, bp pulse, ndi Tesla Supercharger (kuphatikiza otseguka ndi enieni a Tesla) anali oposa 10%, ndi CR5 = 52.7%. Kumbali yonse yopanga ma pile, osewera akuluakulu pamsika akuphatikizapo ABB, Siemens, Schneider ndi makampani ena akuluakulu amakampani pankhani yamagetsi, komanso makampani amagetsi omwe amakwaniritsa kapangidwe ka makampani ochaja ma pile kudzera mu kugula. Mwachitsanzo, BP idagula imodzi mwa makampani akuluakulu ochapira magalimoto amagetsi ku UK mu 2018. 1. Chargemaster ndi Shell adapeza ubitricity ndi ena mu 2021 (BP ndi Shell onse ndi makampani akuluakulu opanga mafuta).
Mu 2030, chiwerengero cha milu yochapira anthu onse ku Europe chikuyembekezeka kufika pa 2.38 miliyoni, ndipo chiwerengero cha milu yochapira anthu mwachangu chidzapitirira kukwera. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, pofika mu 2025 ndi 2030, chiwerengero cha milu yochapira anthu onse ku Europe chidzafika pa 1.2 miliyoni ndi 2.38 miliyoni motsatana, ndipo CAGR ya 2022-2025E ndi 2025E-2030E idzakhala 32.8% ndi 14.7% motsatana. idzalamulira, koma chiwerengero cha milu yochapira anthu mwachangu chikuwonjezekanso. Akuti pofika mu 2030, 20.2% ya milu yochapira anthu onse idzakhala milu yochapira anthu mwachangu.
2.4. United States: Malo amsika ndi osinthasintha, ndipo makampani am'deralo akulamulira
Kuchuluka kwa msika wa ma network ochaja ku United States kuli kokwera kuposa ku China ndi ku Europe, ndipo makampani akumaloko ndi omwe akulamulira. Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa ma network ochaja, ChargePoint ili patsogolo ndi gawo la 54.9%, kutsatiridwa ndi Tesla ndi 10.9% (kuphatikiza Level 2 ndi DC Fast), kutsatiridwa ndi Blink ndi SemaCharge, omwenso ndi makampani aku America. Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa madoko ochaja a EVSE, ChargePoint ikadali yokwera kuposa makampani ena, yomwe ili ndi 39.3%, kutsatiridwa ndi Tesla, yomwe ili ndi 23.2% (kuphatikiza Level 2 ndi DC Fast), kutsatiridwa ndi makampani aku America ambiri.
Mu 2030, chiwerengero cha milu yochapira anthu onse ku United States chikuyembekezeka kufika pa 1.38 miliyoni, ndipo chiwerengero cha milu yochapira mwachangu chidzapitirira kukula. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, pofika mu 2025 ndi 2030, chiwerengero cha milu yochapira anthu onse ku United States chidzafika pa 550,000 ndi 1.38 miliyoni motsatana, ndipo CAGR ya 2022-2025E ndi 2025E-2030E idzakhala 62.6% ndi 20.2%, motsatana. Mofanana ndi momwe zinthu zilili ku Europe, milu yochapira pang'onopang'ono idakalipo yambiri, koma chiwerengero cha milu yochapira mwachangu chidzapitirira kukula. Akuti pofika mu 2030, 27.5% ya milu yochapira anthu onse idzakhala milu yochapira mwachangu.
2.5. Kuwerengera Malo a Msika
Kutengera ndi kusanthula komwe kwaperekedwa pamwambapa kwa makampani opanga ma charger pagulu ku China, Europe, ndi United States, akuti chiwerengero cha ma charger pagulu chidzakula pa CAGR mkati mwa 2022-2025E, ndipo chiwerengero cha ma charger atsopano omwe amawonjezedwa chaka chilichonse chidzapezeka pochotsa chiwerengero cha zinthu zomwe zili m'gululi. Ponena za mtengo wa chinthu, ma charger apakhomo omwe amayendetsa pang'onopang'ono mtengo wake ndi 2,000-4,000 yuan/seti, ndipo mitengo yakunja ndi 300-600 madola/seti (ndiko kuti, 2,100-4,300 yuan/seti). Mtengo wa milu yamagetsi ya 120kW yothamangitsidwa m'nyumba ndi 50,000-70,000 yuan/seti, pomwe mtengo wa milu yamagetsi yakunja ya 50-350kW yothamangitsidwa m'manja ukhoza kufika pa madola 30,000-150,000/seti, ndipo mtengo wa milu yamagetsi ya 120kW yothamangitsidwa m'manja ndi pafupifupi madola 50,000-60,000/seti. Akuti pofika chaka cha 2025, malo onse ogulitsa milu yamagetsi ya anthu onse ku China, Europe, ndi United States adzafika pa madola 71.06 biliyoni.
3. Kusanthula makampani ofunikira
Makampani akunja omwe amayendetsa zinthu zochapira ndi monga ChargePoint, EVBox, Blink, BP Pulse, Shell, ABB, Siemens, ndi ena. Makampani am'nyumba ndi monga Autel, Sinexcel,CHINAEVSE, TGOOD, Gresgying, ndi zina zotero. Pakati pawo, makampani am'nyumba omwe ali ndi milu yamafuta apitanso patsogolo pang'ono popita kumayiko ena. Mwachitsanzo, zinthu zina za CHINAEVSE zapeza satifiketi ya UL, CSA, Energy Star ku United States ndi CE, UKCA, MID ku European Union. CHINAEVSE yalowa mu BP List ya ogulitsa ndi opanga milu yamafuta.
Nthawi yotumizira: Julayi-10-2023