Pa Seputembala 13, Unduna wa Zamakampani ndi Ukadaulo wa Chidziwitso unalengeza kuti GB/T 20234.1-2023 "Zipangizo Zolumikizira Zolipirira Magalimoto Amagetsi Gawo 1: Cholinga Chachikulu" idaperekedwa posachedwapa ndi Unduna wa Zamakampani ndi Ukadaulo wa Chidziwitso ndipo pansi pa ulamuliro wa Komiti Yaukadaulo Yadziko Lonse Yoyang'anira Magalimoto. Zofunikira" ndi GB/T 20234.3-2023 "Zipangizo Zolumikizira Zolipirira Magalimoto Amagetsi Gawo 3: Chiyanjano Cholipirira cha DC" miyezo iwiri yovomerezeka yadziko lonse idatulutsidwa mwalamulo.
Ngakhale kuti ndikutsatira njira zamakono zoyendetsera DC charging interface zomwe zilipo m'dziko langa komanso kuonetsetsa kuti ma charging interface atsopano ndi akale akugwirizana ndi onse, muyezo watsopanowu umawonjezera mphamvu yayikulu yochaja kuchokera pa 250 amps mpaka 800 amps ndi mphamvu yochaja mpaka800 kw, ndipo imawonjezera kuziziritsa kogwira ntchito, kuyang'anira kutentha ndi zina zokhudzana nazo. Zofunikira zaukadaulo, kukonza ndi kukonza njira zoyesera za makhalidwe a makina, zida zotsekera, nthawi yogwirira ntchito, ndi zina zotero.
Unduna wa Zamalonda ndi Ukadaulo wa Chidziwitso unanena kuti miyezo yolipirira ndiyo maziko otsimikizira kulumikizana pakati pa magalimoto amagetsi ndi malo olipirira komanso kulipidwa kotetezeka komanso kodalirika. M'zaka zaposachedwa, pamene magalimoto amagetsi akukwera ndipo kuchuluka kwa mabatire amagetsi kukukwera, ogula akufunikira kwambiri magalimoto kuti abwezeretse mphamvu zamagetsi mwachangu. Ukadaulo watsopano, mitundu yatsopano yamabizinesi, ndi zosowa zatsopano zomwe zimayimiridwa ndi "kuchaja kwamphamvu kwa DC" zikupitilirabe, kwakhala mgwirizano waukulu mumakampani kuti kufulumizitse kukonzanso ndikusintha miyezo yoyambirira yokhudzana ndi ma interface ochaja.
Malinga ndi chitukuko cha ukadaulo wochapira magalimoto amagetsi komanso kufunika kochapira mwachangu, Unduna wa Zamalonda ndi Ukadaulo wa Chidziwitso unakonza Komiti Yaukadaulo ya National Automotive Standardization kuti amalize kusintha miyezo iwiri yadziko lonse yomwe ikulangizidwa, kukwaniritsa kukweza kwatsopano ku mtundu woyambirira wa 2015 wa dongosolo la dziko lonse (lomwe limadziwika kuti muyezo wa "2015 +"), womwe ndi wothandiza kwambiri pakupititsa patsogolo kusinthasintha kwa chilengedwe, chitetezo ndi kudalirika kwa zida zolumikizira zochapira zamagetsi, komanso nthawi yomweyo kukwaniritsa zosowa zenizeni za DC low-power ndi high-power charging.
Mu gawo lotsatira, Unduna wa Zamakampani ndi Ukadaulo wa Chidziwitso udzakonza mayunitsi oyenerera kuti achite kulengeza mozama, kukweza ndi kukhazikitsa miyezo iwiri ya dziko, kulimbikitsa kukwezedwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi amphamvu a DC ndi ukadaulo wina, ndikupanga malo abwino kwambiri opititsira patsogolo makampani atsopano amagetsi ndi makampani ochapira. Malo abwino. Kuchapira pang'onopang'ono kwakhala vuto lalikulu m'makampani amagetsi.
Malinga ndi lipoti la Soochow Securities, chiŵerengero chapakati cha ma model ogulitsa kwambiri omwe amathandizira kuyitanitsa mwachangu mu 2021 ndi pafupifupi 1C (C ikuyimira chiŵerengero cha kuyitanitsa kwa dongosolo la batri. Malinga ndi mawu wamba, kuyitanitsa 1C kumatha kuyitanitsa dongosolo la batri mokwanira mu mphindi 60), kutanthauza kuti, zimatenga pafupifupi mphindi 30 kuti ziyitanitsa kuti zifike pa SOC 30%-80%, ndipo moyo wa batri ndi pafupifupi 219km (muyezo wa NEDC).
Mwachidule, magalimoto ambiri amagetsi oyera amafunikira mphindi 40-50 zochajira kuti afike pa 30%-80% ndipo amatha kuyenda pafupifupi 150-200km. Ngati nthawi yolowera ndi kutuluka pamalo ochajira (pafupifupi mphindi 10) ikuphatikizidwa, galimoto yamagetsi yeniyeni yomwe imatenga pafupifupi ola limodzi kuti ichajire ingayende pamsewu waukulu kwa ola limodzi lokha.
Kukwezedwa ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa ukadaulo monga kutchaja kwa DC kwamphamvu kwambiri kudzafuna kukonzedwanso kwa netiweki yochaja mtsogolo. Unduna wa Sayansi ndi Ukadaulo udalengeza kale kuti dziko langa tsopano lamanga netiweki yochaja yokhala ndi zida zambiri zochaja komanso malo akuluakulu ofikira. Malo ambiri atsopano ochaja anthu onse ndi zida zochaja mwachangu za DC zokhala ndi mphamvu ya 120kW kapena kupitirira apo.7kW AC yochaja pang'onopang'onoZakhala zofala m'makampani achinsinsi. Kugwiritsa ntchito DC fast charging kwatchuka kwambiri pankhani ya magalimoto apadera. Malo ochapira anthu onse ali ndi maukonde a cloud platform kuti aziwunika nthawi yeniyeni. Mphamvu, kupeza ma APP pile ndi kulipira pa intaneti zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, ndipo ukadaulo watsopano monga kuchapira kwamphamvu kwambiri, kuchapira kwamphamvu kochepa kwa DC, kulumikizana kwachangu komanso kuchapira mwadongosolo kukukulirakulira pang'onopang'ono.
Mtsogolomu, Unduna wa Sayansi ndi Ukadaulo udzayang'ana kwambiri pa ukadaulo ndi zida zofunika kwambiri kuti pakhale kuyitanitsa ndi kusinthana bwino kwa mgwirizano, monga ukadaulo wofunikira pakulumikizana kwa mtambo wa magalimoto, njira zokonzekera malo ochajira ndi ukadaulo wowongolera kuyitanitsa, ukadaulo wofunikira pakuchajira opanda zingwe wamphamvu kwambiri, ndi ukadaulo wofunikira wosinthira mabatire amagetsi mwachangu. Limbikitsani kafukufuku wa sayansi ndi ukadaulo.
Mbali inayi,chochapira cha DC champhamvu kwambiriimayika zofunikira kwambiri pa magwiridwe antchito a mabatire amagetsi, zomwe ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri pamagalimoto amagetsi.
Malinga ndi kusanthula kwa Soochow Securities, choyamba, kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa chaji ya batri ndikosemphana ndi mfundo yowonjezera kuchuluka kwa mphamvu, chifukwa kuchuluka kwakukulu kumafuna tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta zinthu zabwino ndi zoyipa za batri, ndipo kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zambiri kumafuna tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta zinthu zabwino ndi zoyipa za electrode.
Kachiwiri, kuchaja kwamphamvu kwambiri mu mphamvu yayikulu kumabweretsa zotsatira zoyipa kwambiri za lithiamu komanso zotsatirapo zoyipa zomwe zimapangitsa kuti batire itenthe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chitetezo cha batri chichepe.
Pakati pawo, zinthu za batire negative electrode ndiye chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimalepheretsa kuyatsa mwachangu. Izi zili choncho chifukwa chakuti graphite ya negative electrode imapangidwa ndi mapepala a graphene, ndipo ma lithiamu ions amalowa mu pepalalo kudzera m'mbali. Chifukwa chake, panthawi yoyatsa mwachangu, ma electrode negative amafika msanga pamlingo wa mphamvu yake yoyamwa ma ayoni, ndipo ma lithiamu ions amayamba kupanga lithiamu yachitsulo cholimba pamwamba pa tinthu ta graphite, kutanthauza kupanga Lithium precipitation side reaction. Lithium precipitation idzachepetsa malo ogwira ntchito a electrode negative kuti ma lithiamu ions azilowetsedwa. Kumbali imodzi, imachepetsa mphamvu ya batire, imawonjezera kukana kwamkati, ndikufupikitsa nthawi ya moyo. Kumbali ina, ma crystals olumikizirana amakula ndikuboola cholekanitsa, zomwe zimakhudza chitetezo.
Pulofesa Wu Ningning ndi ena ochokera ku Shanghai Handwe Industry Co., Ltd. nawonso adalemba kale kuti kuti mabatire amphamvu azitha kuyatsa mwachangu, ndikofunikira kuwonjezera liwiro la ma lithiamu ion mu batire ya cathode ndikufulumizitsa kuyika ma lithiamu ion mu anode. Sinthani mphamvu ya ionic ya electrolyte, sankhani cholekanitsa mphamvu yachangu, sinthani mphamvu ya ionic ndi yamagetsi ya electrode, ndikusankha njira yoyenera yoyatsira.
Komabe, chomwe ogula angayembekezere ndichakuti kuyambira chaka chatha, makampani opanga mabatire am'nyumba ayamba kupanga ndikugwiritsa ntchito mabatire ochaja mwachangu. Mu Ogasiti chaka chino, CATL yotsogola idatulutsa batire ya 4C Shenxing superchargeable kutengera dongosolo labwino la lithium iron phosphate (4C imatanthauza kuti batire ikhoza kuchajidwa mokwanira mu kotala la ola), zomwe zimatha kufikira "mphindi 10 zochaja komanso kuthamanga kwa 400 kw". Pansi pa kutentha kwabwinobwino, batire imatha kuchajidwa mpaka 80% SOC mu mphindi 10. Nthawi yomweyo, CATL imagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wowongolera kutentha kwa maselo papulatifomu ya system, yomwe imatha kutentha mwachangu kufika pamlingo woyenera kwambiri wogwirira ntchito m'malo otentha kwambiri. Ngakhale pamalo otentha otsika a -10°C, imatha kuchajidwa mpaka 80% mu mphindi 30, ndipo ngakhale pamalo otentha otsika kwambiri, kuthamanga kwa liwiro la Zero-zana-zana sikuwola mumagetsi.
Malinga ndi CATL, mabatire a Shenxing supercharged adzapangidwa mochuluka mkati mwa chaka chino ndipo adzakhala oyamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu mitundu ya Avita.
Batire ya CATL ya 4C Kirin yochaja mwachangu yochokera ku zinthu za lithiamu cathode ya ternary yatulutsanso mtundu wamagetsi wabwino kwambiri chaka chino, ndipo posachedwapa yatulutsa galimoto yosaka yamtengo wapatali ya krypton 001FR.
Kuwonjezera pa Ningde Times, pakati pa makampani ena a mabatire am'dziko muno, China New Aviation yakhazikitsa njira ziwiri, sikweya ndi zazikulu zozungulira, pankhani yochaja mwachangu ya 800V. Mabatire a sikweya amathandizira kuchaja mwachangu kwa 4C, ndipo mabatire akuluakulu ozungulira amathandizira kuchaja mwachangu kwa 6C. Ponena za yankho la batri la prismatic, China Innovation Aviation imapereka Xpeng G9 ndi mbadwo watsopano wa mabatire achitsulo a lithiamu omwe amachaja mwachangu komanso mabatire apakati a nickel okwera mphamvu opangidwa kutengera nsanja ya 800V yozungulira mphamvu, yomwe imatha kufikira SOC kuchokera pa 10% mpaka 80% mumphindi 20.
Honeycomb Energy idatulutsa Batri ya Dragon Scale mu 2022. Batriyi imagwirizana ndi mayankho onse azinthu monga iron-lithium, ternary, ndi cobalt. Imakhala ndi makina ochapira mwachangu a 1.6C-6C ndipo imatha kuyikidwa pamitundu ya A00-D-class. Mtunduwu ukuyembekezeka kuyikidwa mu kupanga kwakukulu mu kotala lachinayi la 2023.
Yiwei Lithium Energy idzatulutsa makina akuluakulu a batri ya cylindrical π mu 2023. Ukadaulo woziziritsa wa batri ya "π" ungathe kuthetsa vuto la kuyatsa ndi kutentha mabatire mwachangu. Mabatire ake akuluakulu a cylindrical okwana 46 akuyembekezeka kupangidwa mochuluka ndikuperekedwa mu kotala lachitatu la 2023.
Mu Ogasiti chaka chino, Sunwanda Company idauzanso osunga ndalama kuti batire ya "flash charge" yomwe kampaniyo idayambitsa pamsika wa BEV ikhoza kusinthidwa kuti igwirizane ndi makina amphamvu a 800V komanso 400V. Ma batire a 4C omwe amachajidwa mwachangu kwambiri apangidwa mochuluka mu kotala loyamba. Kupanga mabatire a 4C-6C "flash charge" kukuyenda bwino, ndipo zochitika zonse zitha kukhala ndi moyo wa batire wa 400 kw mumphindi 10.
Nthawi yotumizira: Okutobala-17-2023