01. Kodi "kuchaja kwambiri kwa madzi ozizira" n'chiyani?
mfundo yogwirira ntchito:
Kuchaja kwambiri koziziritsidwa ndi madzi kumatanthauza kukhazikitsa njira yapadera yoyendera madzi pakati pa chingwe ndi mfuti yochajirira. Choziziritsira chamadzimadzi chochotsera kutentha chimawonjezedwa mu njira, ndipo choziziritsiracho chimayendetsedwa kudzera mu pampu yamagetsi kuti chitulutse kutentha komwe kumapangidwa panthawi yochajirira.
Gawo lamagetsi la dongosololi limagwiritsa ntchito kuziziritsa kwamadzimadzi kuti lichotse kutentha, ndipo palibe kusinthana kwa mpweya ndi chilengedwe chakunja, kotero limatha kupanga kapangidwe ka IP65. Nthawi yomweyo, dongosololi limagwiritsa ntchito fani yayikulu ya mpweya kuti lichotse kutentha ndi phokoso lochepa komanso kusamala kwambiri chilengedwe.
02. Kodi ubwino wa kuzirala kwambiri kwa madzi ndi wotani?
Ubwino wa kuzirala kwambiri kwa madzi:
1. Mphamvu yayikulu komanso liwiro lochaja mwachangu. Mphamvu yotulutsa yamulu wolipiritsaChingwe cha mkuwa chomwe chili mkati mwa waya wa mfuti yochajira chimapereka magetsi, ndipo kutentha komwe kumapangidwa ndi chingwecho kumafanana ndi mtengo wa sikweya wa mphamvu yamagetsi. Mphamvu yamagetsi ikakula, kutentha komwe kumapangidwa ndi chingwecho kumakula. Iyenera kuchepetsedwa. Kuti mupewe kutentha kwambiri, dera lopingasa la waya liyenera kuwonjezeredwa, ndipo ndithudi waya wa mfutiyo udzakhala wolemera kwambiri. Mfuti yamagetsi ya 250A yadziko lonse nthawi zambiri imagwiritsa ntchito chingwe cha 80mm2. Mfuti yochajira ndi yolemera kwambiri ndipo si yosavuta kupindika. Ngati mukufuna kupeza mphamvu yamagetsi yayikulu, mutha kugwiritsanso ntchito kuchajira mfuti ziwiri, koma iyi ndi njira yoyimitsa yokha pazochitika zinazake. Yankho lomaliza pakuchajira mphamvu yamagetsi yayikulu lingakhale kungochajira ndi mfuti yochajira yoziziritsidwa ndi madzi.
Pali zingwe ndi mapaipi amadzi mkati mwa mfuti yochapira yoziziritsidwa ndi madzi. Chingwe cha 500A choziziritsidwa ndi madzimfuti yolipiritsaNthawi zambiri zimakhala 35mm2 zokha, ndipo kutentha kumachotsedwa ndi kuyenda kwa choziziritsira mu chitoliro cha madzi. Chifukwa chingwecho ndi chopyapyala, mfuti yochapira yoziziritsira madzi imakhala yopepuka ndi 30% mpaka 40% kuposa mfuti yachizolowezi yochapira. Mfuti yochapira yoziziritsira madzi iyeneranso kukhala ndi chipangizo choziziritsira, chomwe chimakhala ndi thanki yamadzi, pampu yamadzi, chotenthetsera ndi fani. Pampu yamadzi imayendetsa choziziritsira kuti chizizungulira pamzere wa mfuti, kubweretsa kutentha ku chotenthetsera, kenako nkuchitulutsa ndi fani, motero chimapeza mphamvu yonyamulira yayikulu kuposa mfuti zachizolowezi zochapira zoziziritsira mwachilengedwe.
2. Chingwe cha mfuti ndi chopepuka ndipo zida zochapira ndi zopepuka.
3. Kutentha kochepa, kutentha pang'ono, komanso chitetezo champhamvu. Matupi a milu ya milu yachizolowezi yochapira ndi milu yamadzimadzi yozizira pang'ono amaziziritsidwa ndi mpweya kuti kutentha kuthe. Mpweya umalowa m'thupi la mulu kuchokera mbali imodzi, umachotsa kutentha kwa zida zamagetsi ndi ma module okonzanso, ndikutuluka m'thupi la mulu lomwe lili mbali inayo. Mpweyawo udzasakanizidwa ndi fumbi, mchere wothira ndi nthunzi yamadzi ndikulowetsedwa pamwamba pa zipangizo zamkati, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti makina aziteteza bwino, kutentha kuthe, kugwiritsa ntchito bwino mphamvu, komanso kuchepetsa moyo wa zida. Pa milu yachizolowezi yochapira kapena milu yamadzimadzi yozizira, kutentha ndi chitetezo ndi mfundo ziwiri zotsutsana. Ngati chitetezo chili chabwino, kutentha kudzakhala kovuta kupanga, ndipo ngati kutentha kuthetsedwa kuli bwino, chitetezocho chidzakhala chovuta kuthana nacho.
Mulu wochapira woziziritsidwa ndi madzi kwathunthu umagwiritsa ntchito gawo lochapira loziziritsidwa ndi madzi. Palibe njira zotulutsira mpweya kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo kwa gawo loziziritsidwa ndi madzi. Gawoli limadalira choziziritsira chomwe chimayenda mkati mwa mbale yoziziritsidwa ndi madzi kuti chisinthane kutentha ndi dziko lakunja. Chifukwa chake, gawo lamphamvu la mulu wochapira likhoza kutsekedwa kwathunthu kuti lichepetse kutaya kwa kutentha. Radiator ndi yakunja, ndipo kutentha kumabweretsedwa ku radiator kudzera mu choziziritsira chomwe chili mkati, ndipo mpweya wakunja umachotsa kutentha pamwamba pa radiator. Gawo lochapira loziziritsidwa ndi madzi ndi zowonjezera zamagetsi zomwe zili mkati mwa mulu wochapira sizimakhudzana ndi chilengedwe chakunja, motero zimapangitsa kuti chitetezo cha IP65 chikhale chodalirika kwambiri.
4. Phokoso lotsika la kuchaja komanso chitetezo chapamwamba. Ma pile ochaja wamba ndi ma pile ochaja oziziritsidwa pang'ono ali ndi ma module ochaja oziziritsidwa ndi mpweya. Ma module oziziritsidwa ndi mpweya amapangidwa ndi mafani ang'onoang'ono ambiri othamanga kwambiri, ndipo phokoso logwira ntchito limafika pa 65db. Palinso mafani ozizira pa thupi la mulu wochaja. Pakadali pano, ma pile ochaja pogwiritsa ntchito ma module oziziritsidwa ndi mpweya Mukagwira ntchito ndi mphamvu zonse, phokoso limakhala pamwamba pa 70dB. Sili ndi mphamvu zambiri masana koma limasokoneza kwambiri usiku. Chifukwa chake, phokoso lalikulu m'malo ochaja ndi vuto lomwe limadandaula kwambiri kwa ogwiritsa ntchito. Ngati adandaula, ayenera kukonza vutoli. Komabe, ndalama zokonzanso zimakhala zambiri ndipo zotsatira zake zimakhala zochepa kwambiri. Pamapeto pake, ayenera kuchepetsa mphamvu kuti achepetse phokoso.
Mulu wodzaza madzi woziziritsidwa kwathunthu umagwiritsa ntchito kapangidwe ka kutayira kutentha kwa magawo awiri. Gawo loziziritsira madzi lamkati limadalira pampu yamadzi kuti liyendetse kayendedwe ka kuziziritsira kuti lichotse kutentha, ndikusamutsa kutentha komwe kumapangidwa ndi gawoli kupita ku radiator yomaliza. Kutayira kutentha kwakunja kumachitika ndi mafani otsika kwambiri kapena ma air conditioner. Kutentha kumachotsedwa pa chipangizocho, ndipo phokoso la fan ndi liwiro lochepa komanso mpweya waukulu ndi lotsika kwambiri kuposa la fan yaying'ono ndi liwiro lokwera. Milu yoziziritsidwa kwathunthu ndi madzi yokhala ndi mphamvu zambiri imathanso kugwiritsa ntchito kapangidwe ka kutayira kutentha kogawanika. Mofanana ndi choziziritsira mpweya chogawanika, chipangizo chotayira kutentha chimayikidwa kutali ndi khamu la anthu, ndipo chimatha kusinthana kutentha ndi maiwe ndi akasupe kuti chikwaniritse bwino kutayira kutentha komanso kuchepetsa ndalama.
5. TCO yotsika
Mtengo wa zida zochapira m'malo ochapira uyenera kuganiziridwa kuchokera ku mtengo wonse wa moyo (TCO) wa mulu wochapira. Nthawi ya moyo wa milu yachikhalidwe yochapira pogwiritsa ntchito ma module ochapira oziziritsidwa ndi mpweya nthawi zambiri siipitirira zaka 5, koma nthawi yobwereka yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa malo ochapira ndi zaka 8-10, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti zida zochapira ziyenera kusinthidwa kamodzi kokha panthawi yogwira ntchito ya siteshoni. Kumbali ina, nthawi ya moyo wa milu yochapira yoziziritsidwa ndi madzi ndi zaka zosachepera 10, zomwe zimatha kuphimba moyo wonse wa siteshoni. Nthawi yomweyo, poyerekeza ndi milu yochapira yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito ma module oziziritsidwa ndi mpweya omwe amafunika kutsegulidwa pafupipafupi kwa makabati, kuchotsa fumbi, kukonza ndi ntchito zina, milu yochapira yoziziritsidwa ndi madzi imangofunika kutsukidwa fumbi litasonkhana mu radiator yakunja, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kukonza kukhale kosavuta.
TCO ya makina ochapira oziziritsidwa ndi madzi ndi yotsika poyerekeza ndi makina ochapira achikhalidwe omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ma module ochapira oziziritsidwa ndi mpweya, ndipo chifukwa cha kugwiritsa ntchito makina oziziritsidwa ndi madzi, ubwino wake wogwiritsa ntchito bwino ndalama udzaonekera bwino.
03. Mkhalidwe wa msika wa kuzirala kwamadzimadzi kwambiri
Malinga ndi deta yaposachedwa kuchokera ku China Charging Alliance, panali milu yowonjezereka ya ma charger a anthu onse 31,000 mu February 2023 kuposa mu January 2023, kuwonjezeka kwa chaka ndi chaka kwa 54.1% mu February. Pofika February 2023, mamembala a mgwirizanowu anena kuti milu yokwana 1.869 miliyoni ya ma charger a anthu onse, kuphatikizapo 796,000.Ma DC charging pilesndi 1.072 miliyoniMa AC charging piles.
Ndipotu, pamene kuchuluka kwa magalimoto atsopano amphamvu kukupitirira kukwera ndipo malo othandizira monga ma pile ochajira akukula mofulumira, ukadaulo watsopano wa supercharging woziziritsidwa ndi madzi wakhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pamakampani. Makampani ambiri atsopano a magalimoto amphamvu ndi makampani a pile nawonso ayamba kuchita kafukufuku waukadaulo ndi chitukuko komanso kukonza njira zochajira kwambiri.
Tesla ndi kampani yoyamba yamagalimoto mumakampani opanga magalimoto kukhazikitsa milu ya supercharging yoziziritsidwa ndi madzi m'magulu. Pakadali pano, yakhazikitsa malo opitilira 1,500 a supercharging ku China okhala ndi milu yonse ya supercharging 10,000. Tesla V3 supercharger imagwiritsa ntchito kapangidwe koziziritsidwa ndi madzi kwathunthu, gawo loziritsidwa ndi madzi komanso mfuti yoziritsidwa ndi madzi. Mfuti imodzi imatha kuyitanitsa mphamvu mpaka 250kW/600A, zomwe zimatha kuwonjezera liwiro la 250 km mumphindi 15. Mtundu wa V4 watsala pang'ono kuyitanitsa milu. Mulu woyitanitsa umawonjezeranso mphamvu yoyitanitsa mpaka 350kW pa mfuti iliyonse.
Pambuyo pake, Porsche Taycan idayambitsa kapangidwe ka magetsi ka 800V okwera mphamvu zambiri koyamba padziko lonse lapansi ndipo imathandizira kuchaja mwachangu kwa 350kW; Great Wall Salon Mecha Dragon 2022 global limited edition ili ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yofika 600A, voltage yofika 800V, ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yofika 480kW; GAC AION V, yokhala ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yofika 1000V, mphamvu yamagetsi yofika 600A, ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yofika 480kW; Xiaopeng G9, galimoto yopangidwa mochuluka yokhala ndi nsanja yamagetsi ya silicon carbide ya 800V, yoyenera kuchaja mwachangu kwambiri ya 480kW;
04. Kodi tsogolo la kuzizira kwambiri kwa madzi lidzayamba bwanji?
Gawo la kudzaza kwambiri madzi ozizira likuyamba kumene, ndipo lili ndi kuthekera kwakukulu komanso kuthekera kwakukulu kokulirapo. Kuziziritsa madzi ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yodzazira mphamvu zambiri. Palibe mavuto aukadaulo pakupanga ndi kupanga magetsi amphamvu kwambiri kunyumba ndi kunja. Ndikofunikira kuthetsa kulumikizana kwa chingwe kuchokera ku magetsi amphamvu kwambiri kupita ku mfuti yodzazira.
Komabe, kuchuluka kwa mfuti zodzaza ndi mphamvu zambiri zoziziritsidwa ndi madzi m'dziko langa kukadali kotsika. Izi zili choncho chifukwa mfuti zodzaza ndi madzi zimawononga ndalama zambiri, ndipo zodzaza ndi mphamvu zambiri zidzabweretsa msika wofunika madola mabiliyoni ambiri mu 2025. Malinga ndi chidziwitso cha anthu onse, mtengo wapakati wa zodzaza ndi mphamvu zambiri ndi pafupifupi 0.4 yuan/W. Akuti mtengo wa mulu wa 240kW wodzaza ndi mphamvu zambiri ndi pafupifupi 96,000 yuan. Malinga ndi mtengo wa chingwe cha mfuti chodzaza ndi mphamvu zambiri mu msonkhano wa atolankhani wa CHINAEVSE, womwe ndi 20,000 yuan/seti, mtengo wa mfuti yodzaza ndi mphamvu zambiri umayesedwa. Poganizira pafupifupi 21% ya mtengo wa zodzaza ndi mphamvu zambiri, imakhala gawo lokwera mtengo kwambiri pambuyo pozichaja. Zikuyembekezeka kuti pamene chiwerengero cha mitundu yatsopano yodzaza ndi mphamvu zambiri chikuwonjezeka, malo amsika amagetsi amphamvu kwambiri akuwonjezeka.milu yodzaza mwachangum'dziko langa lidzakhala pafupifupi mayuan 133.4 biliyoni mu 2025.
Mtsogolomu, ukadaulo woziziritsa madzi kwambiri udzapitiriza kufulumizitsa kulowa kwa madzi.
Kupanga ndi kukonza ukadaulo wothira mafuta ambiri woziziritsidwa ndi madzi wamphamvu kwambiri kukadali ndi ulendo wautali woti uchitike. Izi zimafuna mgwirizano wa makampani opanga magalimoto, makampani opanga mabatire, makampani odzaza mafuta ndi ena. Mwanjira imeneyi yokha ndi momwe tingathandizire bwino chitukuko cha makampani opanga magalimoto amagetsi aku China, kulimbikitsanso kuyika magetsi mwadongosolo komanso V2G, kuthandiza kusunga mphamvu ndi kuchepetsa utsi, kupanga mpweya wochepa komanso wobiriwira, ndikufulumizitsa kukwaniritsa cholinga cha "kawiri ka kaboni".
Nthawi yotumizira: Marichi-04-2024