Pamene magalimoto amagetsi (EVs) akupitiriza kusintha kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake Kufikira pamasiteshoni ovuta, kuyenda pamanetiweki othamangitsa angapo, ndi njira zolipirira zosagwirizana zitha kukhala cholepheretsa eni eni a EV kapena kukhumudwitsa omwe asintha kale kusuntha kwa EV. Open Charge Point Protocol (OCPP) ikubwera ndipo isintha ma EV charger ecosystem. OCPP idapangidwa kuti izikhala yosavuta kulumikizana pakati pa malo opangira ma EV ndi makina oyang'anira, kuwonetsetsa kusinthasintha, kugwirizanirana, komanso kuchita bwino pamanetiweki amphamvu komanso osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito.
Kodi OCPP - Open Charge Point Protocol ndi chiyani?
Open Charge Point Protocol (OCPP) ndi njira yolumikizirana pakati pa malo opangira magalimoto amagetsi (EV) (omwe amadziwikanso kuti ma EV charging point) ndi makina oyang'anira ma EV (omwe amatchedwa CMS). Kwenikweni, OCPP imagwira ntchito ngati "chinenero" ndi njira yodziwika bwino yomwe imathandizira kulankhulana kosasunthika pakati pa osewera awiriwa mu EV charging ecosystem.
OCPP idapangidwa koyambirira mu 2009 kuti ikhazikitse mgwirizano pakati pa ma charger a EV ndi machitidwe oyang'anira. Ngakhale pali ma protocol aumwini, OCPP ikuwoneka ngati nsanja yotseguka kwathunthu. Kutseguka kumeneku kumapatsa ogwiritsa ntchito masiteshoni othamangitsira kusinthasintha kuti alumikizitse netiweki iliyonse kumalo othamangitsira, kulimbikitsa zatsopano, mpikisano, komanso kupezeka kwamakampani opangira ma EV.
Ubwino wa OCPP
1. Kupereka kusinthasintha ndi chitetezo kwa eni masiteshoni opangira
OCPP imawonetsetsa kuti eni masiteshoni olipira amatha kusintha oyendetsa ma netiweki ngati pakufunika, potero kuteteza ndalama zawo ndikupewa kutha kwa katundu. Ngati wopanga masiteshoni ochapira atuluka pamsika, eni ake atha kusamukira ku netiweki ina yogwirizana ndi OCPP osataya magwiridwe antchito. Kusankha kotseguka kumeneku kumalimbikitsa mpikisano pakati pa opanga ndi opereka maukonde, omwe amachepetsa ndalama, amawongolera ntchito, ndikulimbikitsa zatsopano. Zotsatira zake,Mtengo wa EV zomangamanga zakula mwachangu, kupatsa madalaivala a EV njira zambiri zolipirira.
2. Amalola kulankhulana kwapadziko lonse pakati pa malo opangira ndalama ndi opereka mautumiki a netiweki kuti apereke ntchito zogulira gridi (monga kuyankha kofunikira).
Kusintha kwazomwe zimatulutsa mpweya wopanda ziro mu 2050 zidzabweretsa kuchuluka kwa magetsi, motsogozedwa kwambiri ndi magetsi amayendedwe, kutentha kwanyumba, ndi mafakitale ena. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kufalikira kwa mphamvu zowonjezera mphamvu zowonjezera monga dzuwa ndi mphepo, zomwe mbadwo wawo umasiyana ndi nyengo ndi nthawi ya tsiku, zawonjezeranso mphamvu zowonjezera pa gridi. Kusintha kosinthika kumeneku kumabweretsa zovuta pakukhazikika kwa gridi ndi kudalirika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zida zipeze njira zatsopano zothanirana ndi vutoli.
Kodi kuyankha kofunikira ndi chiyani?
Kuyankha pakufunidwa kumaphatikizapo kulinganiza kufunikira kwa gridi polimbikitsa ogwiritsa ntchito kuti asagwiritse ntchito magetsi kuti agwiritse ntchito nthawi yayitali pomwe mphamvu ndi yochuluka kapena kufunikira kwachepa.
Izi zimatheka kudzera mu zolimbikitsa zamitengo kapena mphotho zina zandalama. Mayankho ofunikira, ophatikizidwa ndi ma gridi anzeru ndi makina osungira mphamvu, amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakusunga kusinthasintha kwa gridi, kuchepetsa kukhudzidwa kwa mphamvu zosinthika zosinthika, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti gridi ikhale yokhazikika pamaola odzaza kwambiri.
Udindo wa OCPP pa Kuyankha Kwamafunso
Kuti mapologalamu oyankha azichita bwino, kulumikizana kopanda msoko pakati pa ma charger ndi zida zofunikira ndikofunikira. Ma charger amayenera kusintha kapena kuyimitsa kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi kutengera kufunikira kwa gridi. OCPP imathandizira njira zolumikizirana pakati pa ma charger ndi mapulogalamu oyang'anira kuti athandizire kulumikizanaku.
Ubwino wa OCPP Demand Response
· Kutsika mtengo: Pogwiritsa ntchito njira zoyankhulirana zomwe zilipo kale, OCPP imachepetsa ndalama zowonjezera zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuphatikiza ma charger m'mapulogalamu oyankha zomwe anthu akufuna.
· Kusinthasintha kosinthika: Ma charger ogwirizana ndi OCPP amathandizira ogwira nawo ntchito kutenga nawo mbali pazoyang'anira gululi ndikuwonetsetsa kuti magetsi akuyenda bwino.
· Zomangamanga zamtsogolo: Zophatikizidwa ndi OCPP, ma network ochapira amatha kusintha kusintha kwa mphamvu ndikuthandizira kukulitsa luso la grid.
Mwa kuphatikiza kuthekera kwa mayankho ofunikira kudzera mu OCPP, ogwiritsa ntchito sangangothandizira kukhazikika kwa gridi, komanso kupititsa patsogolo kufunikira kwa ma network awo olipira muzachilengedwe zokhazikika.
3. Wonjezerani kutengera kwa EV kudzera mu mwayi wolumikizana komanso kugwiritsa ntchito kosavuta kwa ogwiritsa ntchito
Kulipiritsa kopanda msoko komanso kwanzeru ndikofunikira kulimbikitsa anthu ambiri kugwiritsa ntchito magalimoto amagetsi (EVs). Kufikira ma charger movutikira, kuyang'ana pamanetiweki othamangitsa angapo, ndi njira zolipirira zosagwirizana zitha kukhumudwitsa eni eni a EV kapena kukhumudwitsa omwe asintha kale kusuntha kwa EV.
Chitsimikizo cha OCPP chimathana ndi zovutazi pokhazikitsa ndondomeko zokhazikika zomwe zimakulitsa kusasinthika ndi kugwirizana pamanetiweki olipira. Poonetsetsa kutima charger kukwaniritsa miyezo iyi, OCPP ikhoza kuchepetsa zolepheretsa kulowa ndikulimbikitsa ogwiritsa ntchito ogwirizana, kupangitsa kuti kulipiritsa kwa EV kukhala kosavuta.
Zina mwazogwiritsa ntchito mosasinthasintha zomwe zimasungidwa ndi satifiketi ya OCPP ndi monga:
1. Momwe madalaivala amayambira kulipiritsa
2. Momwe madalaivala amalipira polipira
3. Kupeza ma charger kuchokera pamanetiweki osiyanasiyana kudzera pa pulogalamu imodzi kapena mbiri yolipira
4. Malipiro okhazikika pamamanetiweki amachajila osiyanasiyana
Chithunzi Chachikulu: Kuthandizira Kutengera kwa EV
Pochepetsa mikangano pakulipiritsa, OCPP imapanga chilengedwe chomwe chimapangitsa kuyendetsa galimoto kukhala kosavuta. Izi sizimangowonjezera luso la eni ake a EV, komanso zimatsimikiziranso ogula kuti kukhala ndi EV ndikothandiza komanso kosavuta. Malo opangira zolipiritsa ogwirizana amapangitsa kuti anthu azikhulupirirana ndikulimbikitsa kutengera kwa EV, zomwe ndizofunikira kuti zipititse patsogolo mayendedwe okhazikika.
Pamapeto pake, ma charger ovomerezeka ndi OCPP amatenga gawo lalikulu popanga netiweki yolumikizirana ndi ogwiritsa ntchito, kuwonetsetsa kuti madalaivala amadzidalira komanso kuthandizidwa akamatengera ukadaulo wa EV.
Kodi OCPP imagwira ntchito bwanji?
Mu gawo lapitalo, taphunzira kuti Open Charge Point Protocol (OCPP) imapereka yankho logwirizana la njira yolankhulirana pakati pa malo opangira ndalama ndi dongosolo lililonse lapakati, mosasamala kanthu za wogulitsa.
OCPP ndiye njira yolumikizirana pakatiMalo opangira ma EVndi machitidwe oyendetsera ma EV. Gawo lotsatira likufotokoza momwe OCPP imathandizira magulu awiriwa mu EV charging ecosystem kuti azilumikizana wina ndi mzake, ndi ntchito zina ziti zomwe ili nazo kuwonjezera pa kulumikizana.
1. Kusinthana Mauthenga
OCPP imalola malo othamangitsira ndi makina oyang'anira kuti asinthane mauthenga okhudza momwe malo olipiritsira alili.
Mwachitsanzo, mauthenga angaphatikizepo:
· Kaya chojambulira chilipo, chikugwiritsidwa ntchito, kapena chimafunika kukonza
· Njira yolipirira ikayamba kapena kuyima
· Kugwiritsa ntchito panopa kapena mita ya nthawi
· Zidziwitso zowunikira pamayendedwe olipira
2. Kuwunika kwakutali
Ogwiritsa ntchito potchaja amatha kugwiritsa ntchito OCPP kuyang'anira malo omwe amachapira ali kutali.
3. Chilolezo
Ogwiritsa ntchito malo ochapira atha kugwiritsa ntchito OCPP kuloleza mwayi wofikira kumalo otchatsira.
4. Firmware Update
Dongosolo loyang'anira litha kutumiza zosintha za firmware kumalo othamangitsira, zomwe zimatha kutsimikizira ndikusintha.
5. Malipiro ndi Billing
Ogwiritsa ntchito malo olipira amatha kugwiritsa ntchito OCPP kuphatikiza njira zosiyanasiyana zolipirira ndi zolipirira.
6. Smart Charging
OCPP imathandizira zinthu zolipiritsa mwanzeru monga kusungitsa katundu ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mbiri.
7. Dongosolo Lofuna Kuyankha
OCPP imalola ma charger kuti azilumikizana ndi grid kapena mapulogalamu othandizira, zomwe zimathandiza kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa magetsi.
Chidziwitso chamitundu yomwe ilipo ya OCPP pamsika
Mu 2010, Open Charge Point Protocol 1.2 inatulutsidwa, ndipo OCPP 1.5 inatulutsidwa mu 2013. Mabaibulo oyambirirawa sakusungidwanso mwakhama ndi OCA, kotero tinayambitsa matembenuzidwe otsatirawa, omwe ndi OCPP 1.6 yomwe inatulutsidwa mu 2015 ndi OCPP 2.0.1 inatulutsidwa mu 2020 OCPP2. zogwirizana. OCPP 2.1 ikuyembekezeka kutulutsidwa kotala loyamba la 2025.
Mitundu iwiri ya kukhazikitsa kwa OCPP
SOAP: Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) ndi ndondomeko yochokera ku mauthenga yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito XML kuimira deta. SOAP ndi chimango chomwe chimalola kuti mauthenga atumizidwe pakati pa zigawo pa intaneti. Ubwino wa SOAP ndikuti muyezo umakhudza ntchito zotumizira ndi kulandira mauthenga. Izi zimapangitsa kukhazikitsa mwachangu kotheka.
JSON: JavaScript Object Notation ndi njira yosinthira deta yopepuka yomwe ndi yosavuta kwa anthu kuwerenga ndi kulemba, komanso yosavuta kuti makina azidulira ndikupanga. Ndiosavuta kuwerenga ndi kulemba kuposa XML. Zimatengera kagawo kakang'ono ka JavaScript.
OCPP1.6
OCPP 1.6 imamanga pa OCPP 1.5, kuphatikizira zaka zakuchitikira komanso kugwiritsa ntchito bwino padziko lonse lapansi. Kuyambira kukhazikitsidwa kwake mu 2012, OCPP 1.5 yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi ogulitsa ndi othandizira padziko lonse lapansi. Pamaziko awa,OCPP 1.6 imabweretsa zowonjezera zingapo zazikulu, kuphatikiza kuthekera kolipiritsa mwanzeru komanso kuthandizira kwa JSON ndi SOAP pa WebSocket.
Mtunduwu ulinso ndi zosintha zingapo, monga zolemba zomveka bwino komanso zosintha kuti zithandizire kugwirizana pakati pa malonda osiyanasiyana a mavenda. Zatsopano zazikuluzikulu zikuphatikiza kuthekera kokulirapo kwa matenda (monga ma code chifukwa), malo owonjezera olipira, ndi kuthekera kwa TriggerMessage, zonse zomwe zidapangidwa kuti zikwaniritse zosowa zamsika.
OCPP 1.6 imasungabe magwiridwe antchito amtundu wam'mbuyomu ndikuyambitsa zosintha zingapo ndikusintha pazinthu zodziwika bwino zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zisagwirizane ndi OCPP 1.5. Kuwongolera uku ndicholinga chopereka ntchito zabwinoko kwa oyendetsa ma station station (CPOs) komanso chidziwitso chabwinoko kwa oyendetsa magalimoto amagetsi padziko lonse lapansi.
Mawonekedwe a OCPP 1.6 akuphatikiza:
OCPP 1.5
· Mitundu ya SOAP ndi JSON
· Smart charger imathandizira kusanja katundu ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mbiri yolipira
Thandizo la kasamalidwe ka mndandanda (Local)
· Mayiko owonjezera: Imawonjezera maiko owonjezera ku kawerengedwe ka boma kuti apatse ma CPO ndi ogwiritsa ntchito omaliza kudziwa zambiri za momwe akulipirira
· Zopempha zotumiza uthenga, monga nthawi ya CP kapena mawonekedwe a CP
Zosintha zazing'ono (poyerekeza ndi OCPP 1.5)
OCPP 2.0.1
Poyerekeza ndi OCPP 1.6, OCPP 2.0.1 imabweretsa zinthu zowonjezera komanso zatsopano. Komabe, kusinthaku kumapangitsanso OCPP 2.0.1 kuti ikhale yosagwirizana ndi mitundu yakale (monga OCPP 1.6 ndi OCPP 1.5).
Zatsopano OCPP 2.0.1 vs. OCPP 1.6
1. Chigawo cha Device Management (chomwe chimatchedwanso Device Model) chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupeza ndi kukhazikitsa masinthidwe ndi kuyang'anira malo opangira.
Device Management (yomwe imadziwikanso kuti Device Model) ndi yomwe ikuyembekezeredwa kwa nthawi yayitali, makamaka yolandilidwa ndi CSOs omwe amayendetsa (zovuta) maukonde a malo ochapira (kuchokera kwa mavenda osiyanasiyana).
Limapereka zinthu zotsatirazi:
• Malipoti a katundu
• Kuwongolera zolakwika ndi malipoti a momwe alili
• Masinthidwe owongolera
• Customizable polojekiti
Zonsezi zimathandiza ma CSO kuchepetsa ndalama zogwiritsira ntchito netiweki yacharge station.
Opanga masiteshoniali ndi ufulu kusankha kuchuluka kwazambiri za malo omwe amachapira kuti afalitse
Kasamalidwe ka Chipangizo: mwachitsanzo, amatha kusankha zomwe zitha kuyang'aniridwa ndi zomwe sizingayang'anidwe.
2. Kupititsa patsogolo kusamalira bwino zochitika zazikulu
• Uthenga umodzi umakhudza ntchito zonse zokhudzana ndi malonda
• Kuchepetsa deta
OCPP 1.6 inayambitsa zoyendera za JSON zochokera ku Websockets, zomwe zingachepetse kwambiri kuchuluka kwa mafoni. OCPP 2.0 idayambitsa chithandizo cha kuponderezana kwa WebSocket, ndikuchepetsanso kuchuluka kwa data.
3. Kusintha kwachitetezo cha pa intaneti
Zosintha zotsatirazi zawonjezedwa kuti zilimbikitse kuthekera kwa OCPP kukana kuwukiridwa pa intaneti:
• Mbiri yachitetezo (miyezo itatu) ya malo ochapira ndi/kapena kutsimikizika kwa CSMS ndi chitetezo pakulumikizana
• Kuwongolera kofunikira kwa ziphaso za kasitomala
• Sungani zosintha za firmware
• Zolemba zachitetezo chachitetezo
4. Kuthamangitsa kwanzeru
Mu OCPP 2.0.1, magwiridwe antchito anzeru awonjezedwa (poyerekeza ndi OCPP 1.6) kuti athandizire:
• Lumikizani molunjika kuchokera kumagetsi oyendetsera magetsi (EMS) kupita kumalo opangira ndalama
• Kulipiritsa kwanzeru ndi owongolera am'deralo
• Kuthandizira pakuyitanitsa kwanzeru kwa CSMS,malo opangirandi magalimoto amagetsi.
5. Thandizani ISO 15118
Poyerekeza ndi IEC 61851, muyezo wa ISO 15118 ndi protocol yatsopano ya kulumikizana kwa EVSE ndi EV. ISO 15118 imalola zatsopano zambiri komanso kulumikizana kotetezeka pakati pa EVSE ndi EV. OCPP 2.0.1 imathandizira muyezo wa ISO 15118, ndipo zatsopano zikuphatikiza:
• Pulagi ndi Charge
• Kuyitanitsa mwanzeru, kuphatikiza zolowetsa kuchokera kugalimoto yamagetsi
6. Kupititsa patsogolo makasitomala
• Zosankha zambiri zololeza
• Onetsani mauthenga
• Chilankhulo chokonda dalaivala wa EV
• Malipiro ndi malipiro
7. Protocol yamayendedwe: OCPP-J kukonza
• Njira yosavuta yotumizira mauthenga
• Palibe chithandizo cha SOAP
Nthawi yotumiza: May-21-2025