Pamene magalimoto amagetsi (EV) akupitiliza kusintha kayendedwe ka dziko lonse, kukhala ndi njira yolipirira yosavuta komanso yodziwikiratu ndikofunikira kwambiri polimbikitsa anthu ambiri kugwiritsa ntchito ma EV. Kufikira malo ovuta ochapira, kugwiritsa ntchito maukonde ambiri ochapira, komanso njira zolipirira zosasinthasintha kungakhale cholepheretsa eni ake a EV kapena kukhumudwitsa omwe asintha kale kupita ku EV mobility. Open Charge Point Protocol (OCPP) ikubwera ndipo idzasintha njira yochapira ma EV. OCPP idapangidwa kuti ikhale yosavuta kulankhulana pakati pa malo ochapira ma EV ndi machitidwe oyang'anira, kuonetsetsa kuti pali kusinthasintha, kugwirira ntchito limodzi, komanso kugwira ntchito bwino kuti pakhale netiweki yolimba komanso yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito.
Kodi OCPP - Open Charge Point Protocol ndi chiyani?
Open Charge Point Protocol (OCPP) ndi njira yolumikizirana pakati pa malo ochapira magalimoto amagetsi (EV) (omwe amadziwikanso kuti malo ochapira magalimoto amagetsi) ndi makina oyang'anira ma EV (omwe amadziwikanso kuti CMS). Kwenikweni, OCPP imagwira ntchito ngati "chilankhulo" chofala komanso njira yomwe imalola kulumikizana kosasunthika pakati pa osewera awiri ofunikira mu dongosolo la EV charging.
OCPP idapangidwa koyamba mu 2009 kuti igwirizane ndi momwe ma charger a EV amagwirira ntchito ndi machitidwe oyang'anira. Ngakhale kuti pali njira zoyendetsera zinthu, OCPP imadziwika bwino ngati nsanja yotseguka kwathunthu. Kutseguka kumeneku kumapatsa ogwiritsa ntchito malo ochapira magetsi mwayi wolumikizira netiweki iliyonse ku malo aliwonse ochapira magetsi, zomwe zimalimbikitsa luso, mpikisano, komanso kupezeka mosavuta mumakampani ochapira magetsi a EV.
Ubwino wa OCPP
1. Kupereka kusinthasintha ndi chitetezo kwa eni malo ochajira
OCPP imaonetsetsa kuti eni malo ochajira amatha kusintha ogwiritsa ntchito ma netiweki ngati pakufunika kutero, potero kuteteza ndalama zawo ndikuletsa kuti katundu wawo asathe kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Ngati wopanga malo ochajira atuluka pamsika, eni ake amatha kusamukira ku netiweki ina yogwirizana ndi OCPP popanda kutaya magwiridwe antchito. Kusankha kotseguka kumeneku kumalimbikitsa mpikisano pakati pa opanga ndi opereka ma netiweki, zomwe zimachepetsa ndalama, zimakweza ntchito, komanso zimalimbikitsa zatsopano. Zotsatira zake,Kuchaja kwa EV zomangamanga zakula mofulumira, zomwe zapatsa madalaivala a magalimoto amagetsi njira zambiri zolipirira.
2. Imalola kulumikizana kwapadziko lonse pakati pa malo ochapira ndi opereka chithandizo cha netiweki kuti apereke chithandizo cha gridi (monga momwe anthu amafunira).
Kusintha kwa nyengo yotulutsa mpweya woipa mu 2050 kudzabweretsa kufunikira kwa magetsi kwakukulu, makamaka chifukwa cha magetsi oyendera, kutentha m'nyumba, ndi mafakitale ena. Nthawi yomweyo, kufalikira kwa magwero amphamvu obwezerezedwanso monga dzuwa ndi mphepo, omwe kupanga kwake kumasiyana malinga ndi nyengo ndi nthawi ya tsiku, kwawonjezeranso kupsinjika pa gridi. Kusinthaku kwamphamvu kumabweretsa mavuto pakukhazikika kwa gridi ndi kudalirika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mabungwe ogwira ntchito kufunafuna njira zatsopano monga mapulogalamu oyankha kufunikira kwa magetsi.
Kodi yankho la kufunikira ndi chiyani?
Kuyankha kwa kufunikira kwa magetsi kumaphatikizapo kulinganiza kufunikira kwa magetsi pogwiritsa ntchito gridi polimbikitsa ogwiritsa ntchito kusintha momwe amagwiritsira ntchito magetsi kuti azigwiritsa ntchito nthawi yomwe magetsi sagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamene mphamvu ndi yochuluka kapena kufunikira kwake kuli kochepa.
Izi nthawi zambiri zimachitika kudzera mu zolimbikitsa mitengo kapena mphotho zina zachuma. Kuyankha kwa kufunikira, kuphatikiza ma gridi anzeru ndi machitidwe osungira mphamvu, kumachita gawo lofunikira pakusunga kusinthasintha kwa gridi, kuchepetsa mphamvu zosinthika zosinthika, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti gridiyo ikhale yokhazikika nthawi ya maola ambiri ogwirira ntchito.
Udindo wa OCPP pa Kuyankha kwa Kufunikira
Kuti mapulogalamu oyankha kufunikira kwa magetsi ayende bwino, kulumikizana kosasunthika pakati pa ma charger ndi mautumiki ndikofunikira. Ma charger ayenera kukhala okhoza kusintha kapena kuyimitsa kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi mosiyanasiyana kutengera kufunikira kwa gridi. OCPP imagwiritsa ntchito njira zolumikizirana pakati pa ma charger ndi mapulogalamu oyang'anira kuti athandize kulumikizanaku.
Ubwino wa Kuyankha kwa Kufunikira kwa OCPP
· Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ndalama: Pogwiritsa ntchito njira zolumikizirana zomwe zilipo, OCPP imachepetsa ndalama zina zokhudzana ndi kuphatikiza ma charger mu mapulogalamu oyankha kufunikira kwa zinthu.
· Kusinthasintha kowonjezereka: Ma charger otsatira OCPP amathandiza ogwira ntchito kutenga nawo mbali moyenera mu njira zoyendetsera gridi ndikuwonetsetsa kuti magetsi ndi kufunikira kwake kuli koyenera.
· Zomangamanga zodalirika mtsogolo: Kuphatikiza ndi OCPP, maukonde ochaja amatha kusintha momwe magetsi akusinthira ndikuthandizira kukulitsa gridi yamagetsi.
Mwa kuphatikiza mphamvu zoyankhira kufunikira kudzera mu OCPP, ogwira ntchito sangangothandiza kukhazikika kwa gridi, komanso kukulitsa phindu la maukonde awo ochaja mu dongosolo la mphamvu lokhazikika.
3. Wonjezerani kugwiritsa ntchito EV kudzera mu mwayi wogwirizana komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mosavuta kwa ogwiritsa ntchito
Kuchaja mosavuta komanso mwanzeru ndikofunikira kwambiri polimbikitsa anthu ambiri kugwiritsa ntchito magalimoto amagetsi (EV). Kupeza njira zovuta zochaja, kuyenda kwa ma netiweki ambiri ochaja, ndi njira zolipira zosasinthasintha zingalepheretse eni ake a EV kapena kukhumudwitsa omwe asintha kale kugwiritsa ntchito EV mobility.
Chitsimikizo cha OCPP chimathetsa mavutowa mwa kukhazikitsa njira zokhazikika zomwe zimathandizira kuti zinthu zigwirizane komanso kuti zinthu zigwirizane pakati pa ma network ochaja.zoyatsira Pokwaniritsa miyezo iyi, OCPP ikhoza kuchepetsa zopinga zolowera ndikulimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito kogwirizana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuyatsa kwa EV kukhale kosavuta.
Zina mwa zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse pogwiritsa ntchito satifiketi ya OCPP ndi izi:
1. Momwe oyendetsa galimoto amayambira kuyitanitsa
2. Momwe oyendetsa galimoto amalipirira kulipira
3. Kupeza ma charger ochokera ku ma network osiyanasiyana kudzera mu pulogalamu imodzi kapena mbiri yolipira
4. Kulipira kokhazikika pamaukonde osiyanasiyana ochaja
Chithunzi Chachikulu: Kuthandizira Kutengera Magalimoto a Moto
Mwa kuchepetsa malo okangana pa ntchito yochaja, OCPP imapanga njira yoyendetsera zinthu yomwe imapangitsa kuyendetsa bwino. Izi sizimangowonjezera zomwe eni ake a EV alipo, komanso zimawatsimikizira ogula kuti kukhala ndi EV ndikothandiza komanso kosavuta. Maziko ogwirizana ochaja amalimbitsa chidaliro ndipo amalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito EV yambiri, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti kusintha kukhale kotetezeka.
Pomaliza, ma charger ovomerezeka ndi OCPP amachita gawo lofunika kwambiri popanga netiweki yolumikizirana komanso yoyang'ana kwambiri ogwiritsa ntchito, kuonetsetsa kuti oyendetsa galimoto akumva kukhala odzidalira komanso othandizidwa akamagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa EV.
Kodi OCPP imagwira ntchito bwanji?
Mu gawo lapitalo, taphunzira kuti Open Charge Point Protocol (OCPP) imapereka yankho logwirizana la njira yolumikizirana pakati pa malo ochapira ndi makina aliwonse apakati, mosasamala kanthu za wogulitsa.
OCPP ndi njira yolumikizirana pakati paMalo ochapira magalimoto a EVndi machitidwe oyang'anira kuyitanitsa magetsi a EV. Gawo lotsatira likufotokoza momwe OCPP imathandizira magulu awiriwa osiyanasiyana mu dongosolo la kuyitanitsa magetsi a EV kuti alankhulane, komanso ntchito zina zomwe ili nazo kuwonjezera pa kulumikizana.
1. Kusinthana Mauthenga
OCPP imalola malo ochapira ndi makina oyang'anira kusinthana mauthenga okhudza momwe malo ochapira alili panopa.
Mwachitsanzo, mauthenga angaphatikizepo:
· Kaya chojambuliracho chilipo, chikugwiritsidwa ntchito, kapena chikufunika kukonzedwa
· Pamene njira yolipirira ikuyamba kapena kuima
· Chiyerekezo cha nthawi yomwe mumagwiritsa ntchito panopa kapena nthawi yomwe mumakhala
· Zambiri zodziwira matenda a malo ochajira
2. Kuwunika Patali
Ogwiritsa ntchito malo ochajira amatha kugwiritsa ntchito OCPP kuti aziyang'anira malo awo ochajira patali.
3. Chilolezo
Ogwiritsa ntchito malo ochajira angagwiritse ntchito OCPP kuti alole kuti malo ochajira alowe.
4. Zosintha za Firmware
Dongosolo loyang'anira likhoza kutumiza pempho losintha firmware ku malo ochajira, omwe amatha kutsimikizira ndikusintha.
5. Kulipira ndi Kulipira
Ogwira ntchito zolipirira amatha kugwiritsa ntchito OCPP kuphatikiza njira zosiyanasiyana zolipirira ndi zolipirira.
6. Kuchaja Mwanzeru
OCPP imathandizira zinthu zanzeru zochapira monga kulinganiza katundu ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mbiri ya chaji.
7. Pulogalamu Yoyankhira Kufunikira
OCPP imalola ma charger kuti azitha kulankhulana ndi gridi kapena mapulogalamu amagetsi, zomwe zimathandiza kuwongolera kufunikira kwa magetsi.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ya OCPP yomwe ilipo pamsika
Mu 2010, Open Charge Point Protocol 1.2 idatulutsidwa, ndipo OCPP 1.5 idatulutsidwa mu 2013. Mabaibulo oyambirirawa sakusungidwanso ndi OCA, kotero tidayambitsa mitundu yotsatira, yomwe ndi OCPP 1.6 yomwe idatulutsidwa mu 2015 ndi OCPP 2.0.1 yomwe idatulutsidwa mu 2020. OCPP 2.1 ndi OCPP 2.0.1 zimagwirizana ndi kubwerera m'mbuyo. OCPP 2.1 ikuyembekezeka kutulutsidwa mu kotala loyamba la 2025.
Mitundu iwiri ya kukhazikitsa kwa OCPP
SOAP: Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) ndi njira yolumikizirana mauthenga yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito XML kuyimira deta. SOAP ndi njira yolumikizirana mauthenga yomwe imalola mauthenga kutumizidwa pakati pa zigawo pa intaneti. Ubwino wa SOAP ndi wakuti muyezowu umakhudza ntchito zotumizira ndi kulandira mauthenga. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zotheka kugwiritsa ntchito mwachangu.
JSON: JavaScript Object Notation ndi njira yopepuka yosinthira deta yomwe ndi yosavuta kwa anthu kuwerenga ndi kulemba, komanso yosavuta kwa makina kusanthula ndi kupanga. Ndi yosavuta kuwerenga ndi kulemba kuposa XML. Imachokera ku gawo la JavaScript.
OCPP1.6
OCPP 1.6 imamangidwa pa OCPP 1.5, kuphatikiza zaka zambiri zogwira ntchito komanso mapulogalamu opambana padziko lonse lapansi. Kuyambira pomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu 2012, OCPP 1.5 yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi ogulitsa ndi makampani padziko lonse lapansi. Pachifukwa ichi,OCPP 1.6 imabweretsa zowonjezera zingapo zazikulu, kuphatikizapo kuthekera kochaja mwanzeru komanso chithandizo cha JSON ndi SOAP kudzera pa WebSocket.
Mtundu uwu ulinso ndi zinthu zingapo zomwe zasintha, monga zolemba zomveka bwino komanso zosintha kuti zithandizire kuti zinthu zosiyanasiyana za ogulitsa zigwirizane. Zinthu zatsopano zazikulu zikuphatikizapo luso lowonjezera lozindikira (monga ma code a zifukwa), malo owonjezera ochajira, ndi mphamvu za TriggerMessage, zonse zomwe zapangidwa kuti zikwaniritse zosowa za msika.
OCPP 1.6 imasunga magwiridwe antchito a mtundu wakale ndipo imabweretsa zosintha zingapo ndi kukonza mavuto odziwika bwino omwe amawapangitsa kuti asagwirizane ndi OCPP 1.5. Zosinthazi cholinga chake ndi kupereka ntchito zabwino kwa oyendetsa malo ochaja (CPOs) komanso chidziwitso chabwino kwa oyendetsa magalimoto amagetsi padziko lonse lapansi.
Zinthu zina zomwe zili mu OCPP 1.6 ndi izi:
· OCPP 1.5
· Mabaibulo a SOAP ndi JSON
· Kuchaja mwanzeru kumathandizira kulinganiza katundu ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ma profiles ochaja
· Thandizo la kasamalidwe ka mndandanda (wam'deralo)
· Mayiko ena: Amawonjezera mayiko ena ku chiwerengero cha malo olipira kuti apatse ma CPO ndi ogwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso chochulukirapo chokhudza momwe malo olipira alili panopa.
· Kutumiza mauthenga, monga nthawi ya CP kapena momwe CP ilili
· Kusintha pang'ono kwa ma specification (poyerekeza ndi OCPP 1.5)
OCPP 2.0.1
Poyerekeza ndi OCPP 1.6, OCPP 2.0.1 imabweretsa zinthu zatsopano komanso kuthekera kwatsopano. Komabe, kusinthaku kumapangitsanso kuti OCPP 2.0.1 isagwirizane ndi mitundu yakale (monga OCPP 1.6 ndi OCPP 1.5).
Zinthu Zatsopano OCPP 2.0.1 vs. OCPP 1.6
1. Ntchito ya Device Management (yomwe imadziwikanso kuti Device Model) imagwiritsidwa ntchito kupeza ndi kukhazikitsa ma configurations ndikuwunika malo ochajira.
Kuyang'anira Zipangizo (komwe kumadziwikanso kuti Chipangizo Chachitsanzo) ndi chinthu chomwe chimayembekezeredwa kwa nthawi yayitali, makamaka cholandiridwa ndi ma CSO omwe amayang'anira maukonde (ovuta) a malo ochapira (kuchokera kwa ogulitsa osiyanasiyana).
Imapereka zinthu zotsatirazi:
• Malipoti a zinthu zomwe zasungidwa
• Kukonza malipoti a zolakwika ndi momwe zinthu zilili
• Kasinthidwe kabwino
• Kuwunika komwe kungasinthidwe
Zonsezi zimathandiza ma CSO kuchepetsa ndalama zogwiritsira ntchito netiweki ya malo ochajira.
Opanga malo ochapiraali ndi ufulu wosankha kuchuluka kwa chidziwitso chatsatanetsatane chokhudza malo awo ochapira
Kuyang'anira Zipangizo: mwachitsanzo, amatha kusankha zomwe zingayang'aniridwe ndi zomwe sizingayang'aniridwe.
2. Zosintha kuti zithetse bwino zochitika zazikulu
• Uthenga umodzi umakhudza ntchito zonse zokhudzana ndi malonda
• Kuchepetsa deta
OCPP 1.6 inayambitsa mayendedwe a JSON kutengera Websockets, zomwe zingathandize kuchepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa deta pafoni. OCPP 2.0 inayambitsa chithandizo cha WebSocket compression, zomwe zinachepetsanso kuchuluka kwa deta.
3. Kupititsa patsogolo chitetezo cha pa intaneti
Kusintha kotsatiraku kwawonjezeredwa kuti kulimbikitse luso la OCPP lolimbana ndi ziwopsezo za pa intaneti:
• Ma profiles achitetezo (magawo atatu) a malo ochapira ndi/kapena kutsimikizira kwa CSMS ndi chitetezo cholumikizirana
• Kuyang'anira zofunikira pa satifiketi ya makasitomala
• Zosintha za firmware zotetezeka
• Zolemba za zochitika zachitetezo
4. Kuchaja mwanzeru kwa nthawi yayitali
Mu OCPP 2.0.1, ntchito yochaja mwanzeru yakulitsidwa (poyerekeza ndi OCPP 1.6) kuti ithandizire:
• Kutumiza njira yoyendetsera magetsi mwanzeru kuchokera ku njira yoyendetsera mphamvu (EMS) kupita ku malo ochajira magetsi.
• Kuchaja bwino mwanzeru pogwiritsa ntchito zowongolera zakomweko
• Chithandizo cha kuyitanitsa CSMS mwanzeru,malo ochapirandi magalimoto amagetsi.
5. Thandizani ISO 15118
Poyerekeza ndi IEC 61851, muyezo wa ISO 15118 ndi njira yatsopano yolumikizirana pakati pa EVSE ndi EV. ISO 15118 imalola zinthu zambiri zatsopano komanso kulumikizana kotetezeka pakati pa EVSE ndi EV. OCPP 2.0.1 imathandizira muyezo wa ISO 15118, ndipo zinthu zatsopanozi zikuphatikizapo:
• Pulagi ndi Chaja
• Kuchaja mwanzeru, kuphatikizapo zolowera kuchokera ku galimoto yamagetsi
6. Sinthani zomwe makasitomala amakumana nazo
• Zosankha zina zovomerezeka
• Onetsani mauthenga
• Chilankhulo chomwe dalaivala wa EV amakonda
• Misonkho ndi zolipiritsa
7. Ndondomeko ya mayendedwe: Kukonzanso kwa OCPP-J
• Kutumiza mauthenga mosavuta
• Palibe chithandizo cha SOAP
Nthawi yotumizira: Meyi-21-2025